一、何謂「汽鎖（Vapor lock）現象」與「氣鎖（Air lock）現象」？其對船舶的操作有何影響？請詳述之。（20 分）

五、請將下列英文翻譯成中文。（20 分）The Port State Control Officer (PSCO) ensures compliance with Annex I of MARPOL 73/78 by assessing oil residues, sludge and bilge water holding tanks, and the efficiency of the oily water separator. The PSCO reviews the Oil Record Book to verify proper disposal and usage of reception facilities, noting any inadequacies. Ships must maintain improved sludge systems to store and dispose of oil residues in line with international standards. The PSCO checks the effectiveness of onboard oil filtering systems and related equipment for compliance. The inspection now includes automated monitoring systems to track oil discharges and sludge processing in real time. By enforcing these regulations, authorities aim to protect marine ecosystems and promote sustainable maritime operations.

一、何謂「汽鎖（Vapor lock）現象」與「氣鎖（Air lock）現象」？其對船舶的操作有何影響？請詳述之。（20 分）

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