三、請比較單性花(unisexual flower)與兩性花(bisexual flower)的構造 特徵(5 分)，並從繁殖方式、遺傳多樣性及演化適應等面向分析 兩者的繁殖策略，與其優缺點 (20 分)。

(1) 請判斷此案例屬於初級演替(primary succession)或次級演替 (secondary succession) ? 並說明你判斷的依據與理由(5 分)。

(2) 請說明與解釋初級演替與次級演替的定義，並比較兩者的差異。 (10 分)

(3) 請解釋何謂 r/K 選擇理論 (r/K selection theory)？並利用此理論 解釋火災後不同階段優勢物種的變化。(10 分)

1. Convert the following value to 32-bit IEEE format. (10 分) 7.1875

2. Calculate −19 − 23 using two’s complement representation with 8-bit allocation and convert the result to decimal. (20 分)

3. 某網路系統管理者經申請後分配到 123.123.123.*的 IP，若是這些 IP 要分配給 8 的部門，其 subneting 應該如何規劃設計?每段 subnet 的可用 IP 為那些?對於每段 subnet 的第一組與後一組 IP 通常保留不可使用，若設計該 subnet 第二組 IP 為 gateway，則各段的 gateway, subnet mask、 以及可設定的 IP 位址有哪些? (20 分)

4. 請找出以下 expressions 的 postfix 與 prefix 的 notations。(10 分) (1) (A + B) * C – (D – E) * (F + G) (2) A * (B + C / D) – E

1. Critical Thinking and Writing：30% Artificial intelligence (AI) is a fast-growing area with huge potential to change the world. It’s already starting to impact our daily lives. Although it’s still developing, AI is transforming many industries, from programming to self-driving cars. Like any new technology with promise, AI has critics who worry about its impact on humanity.  In a short paragraph of about 150 words in total, write your opinion on whether or not you agree that AI can be a threat to humanity and your reasons. Do follow the traditional structure of paragraph writing by giving your main idea in “the topic sentence” (placed at the very beginning) and then support it in the rest of your paragraph sentences.

2. Essay Writing: 70% Topic: "The Perfect Day Without Technology"  Imagine you have to spend an entire day without any technology—no phones, computers, televisions, or other electronic devices. Describe how you would spend this day from start to finish. Explain why you have chosen these activities and how they would benefit you and those around you. Be creative and detailed in your response. So here below are the detailed instructions about how to write this structured essay:      Write an essay, of at least 360 words, in which you describe “The perfect Day Without Technology.” Here, a well-organized essay is expected, with a tripartite structure: Your introduction is supposed to      introduce      the concept of spending a day without technology, and a thesis statement is expected at the end to state the main ideas to follow. The      body      should include paragraphs that deal with details about morning activities, plans for the afternoon, and evening activities, all without modern technology. Finally, in your conclusion, you can reflect on the benefits of spending a day without technology, and at the same time summarize the key points of your technology-free day.

(1) 動摩擦力所作的功為何？(6 分)

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