二、It has been about 30 years since the establishment of the World Trade Organization (WTO). The operation of the WTO Appellate Body under the dispute settlement mechanism is on the stage of shutdown. Some WTO members have proposed the "Multi-Party Interim Appeal Arbitration Arrangement (MPIA)" as a temporary alternative for the appellate procedure. Please analyze the main controversies caused by the WTO dispute settlement mechanism, and discuss the MPIA’s goal and procedure.（25 分）

二、On March 2, 2022, the 5th United Nations Environment Assembly adopted a resolution entitled "End plastic pollution: Towards an internationally legally binding instrument." The resolution recognizes that plastic pollution includes microplastics and places special emphasis on the impact of plastic pollution on the marine environment. It also highlights the transboundary nature of plastic pollution in the ocean and other environments, noting that it affects not only global ecosystems but also the health of all humanity. Please explain the rules concerning marine environmental pollution and protection under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.（25 分）

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