四、Translate the following paragraph into English:（30 分）電影不像電報線路受到幾近於全體一致的讚美，它從未被視為純然只是一種傳播媒介。若說電報改變了傳播性質，以致觸發了神祕和驚愕，那麼電影則是面對著既存的文化標準。電影不僅是一種新傳播技藝，而且轉眼間搖身變為二十世紀一種主要的藝術新形式，進而風靡一時。電影所傳播的，不是符碼化訊息，而是攝影和小說的風格。電影把人們集合在公共場所，善於經營此類場所的企業家，不久就贏得了對這一行業的控制。源於都市娛樂活動，並結合了多種娛樂形式，電影在大城市移民區和工人區，吸引了第一批觀眾和藝人。

三、Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese:（30 分） The legal and illegal pumping of underground water faster than it can be replaced has compressed water-storing aquifers, causing Bangkok to sink between 2cm to 5cm each year. Scientists say the rise of waters in the nearby gulf as a result of global warming could combine with the sinking land to put Bangkok under water much of the time by the middle of this century. Similar subsidence and seawater encroachment are occurring in Jakarta, Ho Chi Minh City and Manila, where a typhoon last month triggered the worst flooding in the Philippine capital for decades. Bangkok, some experts half-jokingly say, may well return to what it was in the 19th century－a water world where almost all its 400,000 inhabitants lived on raft-houses or homes on stilts.

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