⑵ Gender roles are learned patterns of behavior that are expected of the genders in a given society. Gender roles expectations, which define how men and women are to behave and how they are to be treated by others, are based largely on stereotypes.

三、閱讀摘要：（30 分） Please read the following essay and summarize the main points in English in less than 100 words. Please note that you will be deducted certain amount of points if you write more than 100 words. There are not only advantages but also disadvantages in giving up cigarettes. The prime advantage in giving up cigarettes is that it gives recovering smokers a better chance of having good health. For example, it comes as a pleasant surprise to former smokers that coughing is not the most natural way of coming to consciousness every morning. They discover the joy of breathing deeply in the morning air, or tasting their food. Their dentists praise them for their bright new gums. Their doctors note the clearing of their lungs. Their blood pressure goes down. Besides better health, recovering smokers enjoy an improved sense of general well being. For one thing, they are a bit more prosperous for having given up an increasingly expensive habit. In addition, they no longer need to worry about burn holes in their clothing, and their clothes do not need to be cleaned as often. However, there are disadvantages as well. One is that the personal relationship between the nonsmoker and his/her former smoking friends becomes unnatural. Whenever he/she goes out with friends, these smoking friends would have to hide smoke related stuff such as lighter, ashtray, etc. away. In the long run, the frequency of gatherings will decrease. Eventually, this nonsmoker might lose quite a few friends who still smoke.

四、短文寫作：（30 分） Please use 150 to 200 words to state the major differences between a regular police officer and a foreign affairs police officer. Please note that you will be deducted certain amount of points if you fail to write more than 150 words, or if you write more than 200 words. Please give at least two differences.

一、一 1000/200V，100kVA 的單相變壓器，其各參數之標么值為：R1＝R2＝0.01，X1＝ X2＝0.05，G 及 B 忽略。二次側之負載電阻，其實際值為 0.5Ω。如一次側外加電壓 為 1000V，試求一次側與二次側實際的電流為若干？（25 分）

⑴一次側之相電壓與線電壓有何關係？（8 分）

⑵二次側之線電流與相電流有何關係？（8 分）

⑶若匝比相同，則一次側與二次側間之線電壓有何關係？（9 分）

三、三相感應電動機，額定為 240V，7.5HP，24A，60Hz，1750rpm。電動機端電壓為 240V，60Hz，而空轉時測得線電流 12A，輸入功率為 600W。轉子線圈短路，做短 路試驗，線圈間電壓為 36V，60Hz 而測得線電流為 18A 和輸入功率 380W。求其等 效電路之參數？（25 分）

四、試述三相交流電併接所需具備條件為何？（25 分）

⑴由於灌溉水質鹽分含量會影響所灌溉之土壤的鹽分含量，灌溉水之電導度值（EC） 為灌溉水質之重要指標。但是，即使引灌 EC 值高的灌溉水，在不同的土壤卻未 必會導致一樣的鹽分累積程度，說明還有那些因素會決定灌溉水鹽分在土壤中的 累積。（10 分）

⑵說明 sodium adsorption ratio（SAR）的定義，並解釋高 SAR 值會進而影響土壤的 透氣和排水性之背後原因。（10 分）

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