1. 請用中文簡要解釋以下兩段文字的意義 (30%)，並根據這些文 字，用中文討論未來政府的績效評估應該注意哪些地方? (30%)
Performance measurement is everywhere-in sports, business, and religion-as well as in government. Baseball, for example, offers a multitude of measures to assess the performance of individual players-even to the point of recording where in the field each hitter's ball lands during a season and using the dispersion as an indicator of when it's time to trade the player.
Measuring efficiency is expected to lead to greater efficiency and measuring outcomes is supposed to lead to better outcomes, but we don't always get the results we expect. In public administration we are aware that some measures are reactive and that the ways people react when their performance is measured are not always positive behaviors. We should spend time in thinking about this dark side of performance measurement and about how to design measurement systems that minimize these unintended bad effects.