1. If the government imposes tax on liquor to curb the consumption of liquor, please analyze the effectiveness of this policy.

(a) What is Mary’s comparative advantage？

(b) Suppose that they decide to specialize and trade. What is the minimal amount of cake or donut that Kevin would be willing to accept for selling one unit good to Mary?

(c) Suppose that they finally agree to trade at the ratio that 1 cake equals 2 donuts. How will Mary produce and trade？

3. Economists in SCU, a closed economy, have collected the following information about the economy for a particular year:   Y=10,000   C=6,000   T=1,500   G=1,700  where Y is GDP, C is consumption, G is government purchase, and T is taxes. The economists also estimate that the investment function is: I=3,300-100r, where r is the country’s real interest rate, expressed as a percentage. Calculate private saving, public saving, national saving, investment, and the equilibrium real interest rate. 

4. The Russia–Saudi Arabia oil price war of 2020 is an economic war triggered in March 2020 by Saudi Arabia in response to Russia's refusal to reduce oil production to keep prices for oil at a moderate level. This economic conflict resulted in a sheer drop in oil prices over the spring of 2020. What kind of monetary policy and tools should the central bank undertake if its goal is to stabilize the level of output while keeping inflation low? Show with the help of the AD-AS diagram and explain the adjustment process. 

(2) 如果妳(你)沒有買保險來預防不利事件,妳(你)的預期效用是多少?

(1) 試問妳(你)是風險趨避者、風險中立者、風險愛好者?(說明原因才予以計分)

9. 中央銀行的目標有兩種:(a)關心物價水準穩定,或(b)關心產出與就業是否維持在自然水準。 請使用總合需求和總合供給的模型(圖形分析)說明,當信用卡申請法規變得比較嚴格時,中 央銀行為了達成目標,它各自會如何因應。

8. 請使用無異曲線與預算線說明:為何有正的所得效果,則需求曲線的斜率一定是負斜率。

(2) 如果妳(你)認為經銷商比 (你)更了解汽車,妳(你)會願意付多少錢買這台汽車?

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