1. What NOT to expect of natural selection and adaptation? (Circle all correct answers)(5%) (A) The necessity of adaptation (B) Perfection (C) Cooperative behavior (D) Progress (E) Harmony and balance of nature (F) Morality and ethics

2. Why effective population size is usually smaller than the actual census size? (Circle all correct answers)(5%) (A) Migration between populations. (B) Variation in the number of progenies produced by females, males, or both. (C) Unequal number of males and females that produce offspring. (D) Natural selection increases variation in progeny number. (E) Fluctuations in population size. (F) Mutations.

A. What is the expected heterozygosity of locus A in this population? (5%)

B. The observed heterozygosity of locus A is 0.5. Please give posible explanations on why observed heterozygosity is different from expected heterozygosity? (5%)

1. Speciation by genetic divergence of populations in the same location.

2. Differential reproduction as a result of variation in the ability to obtain mates.

3. phenotypioc variation arising from the difference in the effect of the environment on the expression of different genotypes.

4. New Benes arise as copies of pre-existing gene sequences.

5. Determ nining the chromosomal position containing at least one gene that contributes to variation in a quantitative trait.

6. The proportion of the variance in a trait among individuals that is attributable to differences in genotype.

7. Speciation by genetic divergence of populations in distinct locations.

110年 - 110 國立臺灣大學_碩士班招生考試_生態學與演化生物學研究所:演化生物學#108080