10. B urden of P roof

6. Hu man S muggling

7. National Immigration Agency

8. V isa exempt Entry

9. S takeholder

二、Translation       Evidence indicates that states around the world have toughened their immigration policies by increasing criminalization of irregular migration, intensifying border controls, and externalizing migration control policies. As a consequence, breaches of migration law are increasingly treated as criminal rather than administrative offences causing a depreciation of migrants' enjoyment of essential legal safeguards and human rights protections. Contrary to acting as a deterrent for migration flows, harsh policies of interception and detention often further push migrants to take unsafe and irregular routes in the hands of smugglers or traffickers.

三、Reading Comprehension       Police departments have placed a great emphasis on reducing response time in the belief that it would increase the probability of arrest. However, several studies found that rapid response had little effect on clearance rates. Only about 3 percent of crimes are reported while in progress； thus rapid response to most calls does not increase the probability of arrest. The problem is that police departments have no control over two key elements between the time a crime is committed and the time a police officer arrives on the scene: the interval between the commission of a crime and the time it is discovered； and the interval between discovery and the time the citizen calls the police. Most crimes are discovered after the fact, and even in the most “involvement” crimes – i.e., where the victim is present (e.g., assault) – there is some delay between victimization and the subsequent call to the police. Question 1: According the above article, reducing response time can make the police increase arrest rates or not? Describe the reason in English. Question 2: According the above article, what is the meaning of “Most crimes are discovered after the fact”? Describe your opinion in English. 

四、Essay       “Publicublic security security isis moremore importantimportant thanthan humanhuman rightsrights.” Do you .” Do you agree or disagree with this agree or disagree with this statementstatement? Please write a short and well? Please write a short and well--organized essay in about 250 words to support your answer with reasons.organized essay in about 250 words to support your answer with reasons.

一、 試說明國際間處理人口販運之問題有何基本之規範或原則？ 10 分 又請論述我國對於此類之犯罪在法制上有 哪 些因應之立法措施 與發展？ 15 分

二、 國際間之刑事司法互助，可歸納成為幾種型態？臺灣海峽兩岸在此 種執法合作方面有何發展，請略述之？

三、 請分別說明外配、陸配取得身分證的相關流程，及其法源依據各為何