13. The key enzyme in a metabolic pathway is usually regulated in many ways. For example, HMG-CoA reductase in the biosynthesis of cholesterol can be regulated in transcriptional levels or protein levels. Please describe these regulations in general. (10%)

17. Please select (pick out) the aspartic proteases and cysteine proteases, respectively, from the enzymes listed below. (5%) (A) Alanine aminopeptidase, (B) Pepsin, (C) Caspase 1, (D) Renin, (E) Elastase, (F) Thrombin, (G) Trypsin, (H) HIV-1 protease, (I) Carboxy peptidase A, (J) Papain

13. The key enzyme in a metabolic pathway is usually regulated in many ways. For example, HMG-CoA reductase in the biosynthesis of cholesterol can be regulated in transcriptional levels or protein levels. Please describe these regulations in general. (10%)

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