21. 基金定義為何?

22. 稱經費者,謂依法定用途與條件得支用之金額。經費按其得支用期間分為哪三種?

23. 歲入、歲出預算,按其收支性質分為哪兩類?

24. 按預算法第16條,預算區分哪幾種(列舉4種)?

1. accomplice

2. imprudent

3. mirror (verb)

4. plight

5. abundance

二、 Summary and cloze test design 20%Please summarize the following passage in 200-250 words. Then design five multiple-choice cloze questions for 11th graders. Each question mustinclude four alternatives, ( A ), ( B ), ( C ), and ( D ), with one of them being the best answer. Answers to each question must be provided.In an age where artificial intelligence can conjure entire visual landscapes from a few lines of text or a single image, the aesthetic allure of Ghiblistyle art has not escaped the grasp of machine learning. Inspired by the signature look of Studio Ghibli, characterized by whimsical detail, hand-drawn textures, and emotionally resonant color palettes, AI models can now transform ordinary photographs into dreamy, painterly renderings that evoke the work of Hayao Miyazaki and his studio's legendary animators. This development has captivated social media users and hobbyists, who eagerly share AIgenerated portraits of themselves rendered in this style. Yet behind the enchantment lies a contentious question: to what extent are these AI creations derivative, and do they infringe upon the intellectual property of human artists, particularly those at Studio Ghibli who never consented to their style being harvested and replicated?The controversy hinges on a complex intersection of creativity, technology, and legal frameworks ill-equipped to govern such rapid evolution. Unlike traditional tools, generative AI systems are trained on massive datasets scraped indiscriminately from the internet, which often include copyrighted artworks without the original creators’ permission. As a result, the AI “learns” not merely from public domain material but from the signature techniques, compositional patterns, and visual motifs of living artists. In the case of Ghibli-style art generators, these systems mimic not only the formal elements of the studio’s animation but also its deeply personal ethos and cultural specificity. Critics argue that such mimicry is not mere flattery but appropriation, which, in other words, automated plagiarism masquerading as innovation. Studio Ghibli itself, known for its staunch preservation of hand-drawn artistry, has not publicly endorsed any AI rendering tools, raising ethical questions about the unauthorized replication of their brand.The implications for contemporary artists are profound. In a creative landscape increasingly influenced by AI-generated outputs, human illustrators face the disquieting prospect of being overshadowed, or even replaced, by machines that replicate their style with uncanny precision and no legal or financial accountability. Moreover, when an artist’s stylistic fingerprint becomes a training source for AI without attribution, consent, or compensation, the act borders on digital exploitation. While copyright law traditionally protects specific expressions of ideas, such as finished illustrations, it does not yet safeguard style, which remains a more elusive and unprotected attribute. This legal gap has sparked calls from creators, lawyers, and ethicists to redefine intellectual property rights in ways that reflect the complexities of the AI era. Without meaningful reform, artists may find themselves in the paradoxical position of being both the muses and the casualties of algorithmic creativity.To address these tensions, a multi-pronged approach is necessary. First, transparency in AI training data must be enforced: artists should know whether their work has been used to train models, and they should be given the option to opt out. Second, new legal protections should be developed that recognize artistic style as a form of intellectual property—not to monopolize aesthetics, but to ensure fair use, respect, and compensation. Third, platforms hosting AI-generated content should implement clearer labeling systems that differentiate between human-made and machine-made art, preserving the value and integrity of traditional craftsmanship. Finally, educational initiatives are essential to cultivating digital literacy, so that users understand both the technological marvel and the ethical cost of AI-generated aesthetics. The transformation of images into Ghibli-style fantasy may dazzle the eye, but behind the shimmer lies a critical question for our time: how do we honor the humanity of art in an age where machines can mimic it so well?

三、 Reading comprehension test design 20%Please read the following passages and design four reading comprehension questions for each passage. They must include three multiple-choice questions and one short-answer question. Answers to each question must be provided.(A)Recent findings in neuroscience illuminate a striking reality: the relentless pursuit of wealth and success, so often idealized, can result in considerable emotional and psychological distress. A comprehensive study involving over 400 individuals examined the greed personality trait (GPT) and its emotional consequences. The results indicate that individuals with high GPT scores are more prone to depression, anger, and aggression. Moreover, this relationship extends beyond external behavior to internal neurobiological structures. Neuroimaging data revealed that those with elevated levels of greed exhibited significant differences in brain regions responsible for emotion regulation, decision-making, and empathy. These distinct neural patterns suggest that greed may fundamentally reshape brain function, amplifying the likelihood of experiencing negative emotional states. Participants with higher GPT not only expressed more emotional volatility but also showed divergent activity in areas linked to moral reasoning and social sensitivity. This highlights the neurological costs of unchecked greed and suggests that its influence deeply permeates cognitive and affective processes.Beyond individual consequences, the societal and organizational implications of greed are equally concerning. Economically, cultures that reward greedy behavior often face systemic instability, as demonstrated by the 2008 financial crisis. In the corporate world, the glorification of greed can foster toxic work environments dominated by hyper-competition, eroded trust, and high employee turnover. From a psychological standpoint, the study reveals that individuals with elevated GPT often fall into a pattern of chronic comparison and dissatisfaction, perpetuating emotional unrest. These insights are pivotal in guiding healthier cultural norms—ones that prioritize long-term well-being over short-term gains. In workplaces where greed is encouraged, collaboration tends to be overshadowed by individualism, resulting in diminished morale and productivity. Leadership plays a crucial role in reversing this trend. By cultivating empathy, encouraging collaboration, and redesigning reward structures to value collective achievement, organizations can foster prosocial behavior. Such a shift not only benefits employee well-being but also enhances overall organizational resilience and effectiveness.(B)In 2024, Collins Dictionary selected “brat” as its Word of the Year, reflecting a significant cultural shift influenced by British pop artist Charli XCX’s sixth studio album, Brat. Traditionally, “brat” referred to a misbehaving or annoying child. However, under Charli XCX’s influence, the term has evolved to embody a “confident, independent, and hedonistic attitude,” as defined by Collins Dictionary.The album Brat not only dominated music charts but also sparked the “brat summer” movement—a cultural phenomenon emphasizing self-assurance, independence, and indulgence. This movement permeated various aspects of society, from fashion trends to political discourse. Notably, U.S. Vice President Kamala Harris’s campaign embraced the “brat” aesthetic, with Charli XCX herself declaring, “Kamala IS brat,” a sentiment that resonated across social media platforms.The influence of “brat” extended beyond music and politics into broader societal trends. The term became synonymous with a lifestyle that challenges conventional norms, encouraging individuals to embrace their authentic selves unapologetically. This shift is indicative of a broader cultural movement towards self-expression and defiance of traditional expectations.Collins Dictionary’s choice underscores the dynamic nature of language and its ability to capture the zeitgeist. The selection process involves monitoring a 20-billion-word database to identify terms that have gained significant traction. In 2024, “brat” stood out not only for its widespread usage but also for its embodiment of the year's cultural and social climate.Other words shortlisted by Collins for 2024 reflect similar cultural trends. Terms like “era,” inspired by Taylor Swift's Eras Tour, and “delulu,” meaning to be utterly mistaken or unrealistic, highlight the influence of pop culture and social media on language evolution. These selections demonstrate how contemporary events and figures shape our lexicon, capturing the essence of the times.The designation of “brat” as Word of the Year signifies more than a linguistic trend; it marks a cultural movement that champions confidence, independence, and a departure from traditional norms. As society continues to evolve, so too does our language, reflecting the ever-changing values and attitudes that define each era.

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