3. (10%) Explain the operational principles of the devices \( R{C} \) and \( R{E} \), \( C{1} \) and \( C{2} \) of the circuit shown in Fig. 3?

4. (10%) Ignoring the body effect and the short channel effect of the MOSFET, draw the low-frequency small-signal model and derive the low-frequency gain of the circuit shown in Fig. 4?

5. (10%) Derive the voltage across the resistor R4 shown in Fig. 5.

6. (10%) Derive the current on the resistor R3 shown in Fig. 6.

7. (10%) Capacitive reactance \( X{\mathrm{C}} \) and resistor R in parallel that is supplied by a sine wave voltage \( V{\mathrm{A}} \). Draw the signal waveforms of \( V{\mathrm{A}} \), branch currents \( I{\mathrm{R}} \) and \( I_{\mathrm{C}} \) by showing one cycle. (Fig. 7) (Hint: You must identify \( 90^{\circ} \), \( 180^{\circ} \), \( 270^{\circ} \), and \( 360^{\circ} \) in one cycle.)

8. (10%) Explain (a) channel length modulation of a MOSFET. (b) early effect of a BJT.

9. (10%) How much current is needed for a 24Ω resistor that dissipates 600 Watt?

10. (10%) Draw the Bode plot gain response of the transfer function \( A(s) = 10[(1 + (s / 10^3)] / [(1 + (s / 10^6))] \).

4. (10%) Answer the questions about functions. First, how many functions are there from a set with eight elements to a set with three elements? Second, how many onto functions are there from a set with eight elements to a set with three elements?

5. (10%) Let \( X = \{1, 2, 3, \ldots, 9\} \). Algorithm A lists all 6-permutations of \( X \) in increasing lexicographic order. Algorithm B prints all 6-combinations of \( X \) in increasing lexicographic order where each combination is printed as an increasing sequence. First, find the next five permutations that will be generated by algorithm A after the permutation 321978. Then, find the next five combinations that will be generated by algorithm B after the combination 123689.

6. (10%) Solve the recurrence relation \( a_n = (4 / n)(a_0 + a_1 + \dots + a_{n-1}) \) where \( a_0 = 3 \).

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