3. If Alicia has any friends, then Brad is one of them.
(a: Alicia; b: Brad; Fxy: x is a friend of y)

(a)請將以上段落譯為精確、達意的中文。(17分)

(b)指出這段論述中,譯名最好统一的哲學術語有哪些,而且除了你自己提供的譯文外,這些字還有什麼可能的譯法。(5分)

(c)這段有哪些英文字的意思恐怕與今日英文同様的字限有出入?如果真的有出入你會怎麼確認你的猜想是對的?(3分)

(a) Paraphrase (this means to state the main points of someone else's discourse in your own words) this passage. (13 points)

(b) It is not clear what the referent of the phrase the categorical form' is (the phrase underlined in the above citation). What do you think it might refer to? Indicate whether your answer is only an educated guess, or actually based on your knowledge of the meaning of the term. (3 points)

(c) State one possible objection to the argument Fine presents here. (3 points)

(d) A couple of paragraphs later, Fine writes:         I am aware, though, that there may be readers who are so in the grip of the modal account of essence that they are incapable of underst rstanding the concept in any other way. ...it may help such a reader to reflect on the difference between saying that singleton Socr crates essentially contains Socrates and saying that Socrates essentially belongs to singleton Socrates. For can we not recognize a sense of nature, or of "what an object is", according to which it lies in the nature of the singleton to have Socrates as a member even though it does not lie in the nature of Socrates to belong to the singleton? Once we recognize the asymmetry between these two cases, we have the means to present the objection. For no corresponding modal asymmetry can be made out.________         The second paragraph is not quoted fully, and this is indicated by the blank space that follows. Based on how this paragraph opens and your own experience with philosophical writing, predict the gist of what Fine might have written that completes the thought of this paragraph. (6 points)

4. Some policemen arrest every traffic violator they see. (Px: x is a policeman; Axy: x arrests y; Tx: x is a traffic violator; Sxy: x sees y)

5. Any law-abiding person is moral. (Lx: x is law-abiding: Px: x is a person; Mx: x is moral)

6. The only Taiwan President who is female is Ing-Wen Tsai. (a: Ing-Wen Tsai; Px: x is Taiwan President; Fx: x is female)

110年 - 110 國立臺灣大學_碩士班招生考試_哲學研究所甲組:哲學英文#101949

110年 - 110 國立臺灣大學_碩士班招生考試_哲學研究所乙組:哲學英文與邏輯#101440