II. Composition : Read the following infographic and write a 350-word essay, responding to three questions: (1) What is it? (2) How to cope with it? (3) What specific impacts has it had on you personally and the society?

1.Please read the following article and answer the question below: LIDAR, short for light detection and ranging, is a remote-sensing method that measures distances between objects through the use of pulsed laser light. The systems help autonomous vehicles maneuver. They're used in airports to monitor the flow of passengers in real-time, and by manufacturers to monitor supply chains. As the global pandemic continues, some manufacturers are realizing they can repurpose their LIDAR systems for monitoring employee distancing. For manufacturers, there is no remote work option. As they reopen in the face of COVID-19, they need to take extra precautions, including remote temperature sensing.        The CyLab researchers developed an algorithm to measure forehead temperatures on multiple faces. They fused data returned from multiple sensors and data sources, including thermal and visual, to find the desired accuracy. The new system reduces false negative and false positive detection results. It also self-calibrates its own measurements to include factors of distance and ambient temperature. Please translate the following terms into Chinese (3% for each) (A)remote-sensing (F) precautions (B)real-time (G) algorithm (C) manufacturers (H) fused data (D)global pandemic (I) false negative (E) employee (J) ambient temperature

2.Translate the following two sentences into Chinese: (10% for each) (A)IoT and digitization are not new, but I will say COVID-19 has accelerated that trend, it's making a lot of equipment manufacturers realize they need that connection. (B) The machine data collected allows the firm to provide preventive maintenance. Local service teams can deliver the right spare part at the right time for faster fault resolution, saving costs associated with breakdowns and production loss.

3. Read the following article and fill in the correct "preposition"(介係詞)(3%for cach)        The global supply chain is a finely tuned machine, funneling components__ (A)_ across the globe to manufacturers who assemble them into finished products. It's built __(B)__ a foundation of lean manufacturing principles, and when it works, it provides high quality parts __(C)__ the lowest costs. In early 2020, that finely tuned machine ground to halt. Countries temporarily shut down factories and other business in order _(D)__ limit the spread__(E)__ COVID-19, leaving manufacturers__(F)__ the rest of the world without adequate stockpiles of components and other materials.        The global shutdown put the spotlight on China, the country first affected __(G)__ the coronavirus and where the great bulk of the world's goods are manufactured. China accounts__(H)__ a whopping 35 percent of global manufacturing output, according to consulting and research firm McKinsey Global Institute. When China stopped working to contain the virus, the shutdown cascaded across the world. __(I)__instance, production of critical medical and personal protective equipment, which has been concentrated in Chinese factories, petered out or stopped altogether, leaving health care workers dealing_(J)_ shortages. Reference prepositions: across, at, by, from, for, in, of, on, to, with, without

4. Translate the following two sentences into English: (10% for each) (A)工業自動化技術的發展,仰賴裝置於設備當中的各種感測元件,尤其是微型化感測器。 (B)微機電製造技術承襲於半導體工業,目前已經用於生產微型壓力計、慣性感測器、光學感測器以及生醫感測器。

I. Please translate the following English passages into Chinese.       The coronavirus pandemic is a warning for humanity. It is a reminder that, despite all our technological progress, humanity remains vulnerable to catastrophes that shake the world. Many have taken to calling 2020 an unprecedented time - but the truth is precisely the opposite. We have long been vulnerable to devastating pandemics. The Black Death of 1346-53 killed around one-tenth of the world's population, including about a third of the people in Europe. The introduction of European diseases into the Americas may have killed as many as 90% of the people living there - again a tenth of the world's population. And just a hundred years ago, the 1918 flu (the first truly global pandemic) killed about one in 30 people across the world. What would have been truly unprecedented is if our vulnerability had ended. This catastrophe is simply part of a very long-running trend.      Yet there is one sense in which our time is without precedent. With the development of nuclear weapons in the 20th century, humanity's escalating power finally reached the point where we could cause catastrophes on the largest possible scale: the destruction of our own species, and with it, everything we could have achieved or become. Like all species, we have always been vulnerable to a small background of natural extinction risks, but these have now been outstripped by risks of our own creation. The existential risk of nuclear war was soon joined by that of extreme climate change, and this century will bring even greater risks from advanced biotechnology and artificial intelligence. Will we wake up to these risks in time, taking the steps needed to control them, or will we continue to focus on other things until the risks catch up with us? This will be the defining question of our age - and perhaps of the entire human story.(Excerpted from The World in 202/, the Economist)

II. Please translate the following Chinese passages into English. 優席夫(YosifuKacaw)是花阿美族,非繪科班出身,毫無繪畫基礎,37歲之前從未嘗試繪畫創作,因為一個人生的轉折,來到英藝術之都一一愛丁堡,展開他的繪畫創作生涯,也是目前少數在歐洲以原住民為主題推動台灣文化並成功發展的原住民藝術家。優席夫的畫作以大地色系證釋原住民樂觀開朗的天性,大量運用天空藍、火龍果紅、芒果緣等色系,主题活潑鮮明。他專注在用色強烈且具戲劇張力的效果上創作,通常在簡單的祝覺上,往往還透露了對人性與社會議題的見解,尤其巧妙的運用了東西方元素的特質,襯托出原住民最美麗、自然的天性,在困難弱勢環境中仍有開朗、美麗的笑容展示出來。優席夫具有天生的才藝,似乎有著一雙魔幻之眼,能用光彩與色彩渾然天成的表達。他用普眷風的創作,一筆筆勾勒出天地最純粹的美麗,現在定居愛丁堡、四處旅行的他,不斷累積藝術素養,持續成長。(精进自台灣好基全會優席夫工作宝簡介)

一、請從「心」、「性」、「情」、「天」等概念,說明《孟子》如何論證其人性論的內涵。 

二、魏晉玄學的思想主軸在於自然與名教的调和,请以郭象《莊子注》為例,說明其儒道會通的思想內涵。

三、請比較陸象山的「心即理」和朱「性即理」,這兩位理學家的思想系統之差異。

 (1) 此段文獻,出自那位作者的那篇文章?

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