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110年 - 110 國立臺灣大學_碩士班招生考試_部分系所:微生物學(A)#100800
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VI. Describe the following terms: (I) Next-generation nucleotide sequencing (2) Nitrifying bacteria (3) Most probable number (MPN) (4)Secretion system in bacteria (5) Methanogenesis (10%)
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I. (10%) Please pick up the best type of microscope from (A) to (H) for each experiment (1) After endospore staining (2) To observe the shape of a bacteriophage (3) To observe vacuoles within a live cell. (4) To observe 3D structures of biofilm formed by GFP-tagged bacteria on roots (5) To gain high-resolution structures of protein complexes
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II. (5 %) Please explain the reason why a synergistic effect can be observed when aminoglycoside antibiotics are used with β-lactam agents on the basis of their modes of action.
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(1) Why do people usually say that "'Gram-negative bacteria evolve more types of protein secretion systems than Gram-positives due to the compiexity of their cel! wall structure"? (4%)
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(2) Among those protein secretion system, type Ill secretion syste is also called injectisome. Why and what is the general functions of this secretion system? (4%)
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(3) chaperones are sometimes required for translocation of a secreted protein. What is a chaperone? (2%)
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IV. (6%) A cloning vector possesses three essential features including original of replication, selectable marker, and a multiple cloning site or a polylinker. Why are these three features so important for a cloning vector?
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V. (10%) Piease define (1) auxotroph (2) prototroph (3) Photolithoautotroph (4) Chemoorganoheterotroph (5) psychrotroph
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VI. (9%) Please design an experiment using a selective medium to isolate a particular microorganism. In this experimental design, please provide (1) the objective of your experiment, (2) which microorganism you want to isolate, (3) which selective medium you choose and (4) why this medium can be used to isolate the microor you choose. Part B:(50% microscope
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I. Vaccine is an important method for protecting the host from the future infection of microorganisms, describe the characteristics of (1) Whole cell vaccine, (2) Acellular (or Subunit) vaccines and (3) Recombinant (or DNA) vaccines, also please include their potential problems (6%) As well, what is the reverse vaccinology (2%)
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Ⅱ. Biofuel production, two materials, H2 and ethanol can be used as biofuels and (I) how could the company produce these two products by using the microorganisms and (2) what are the drawbacks of using these two methods for production of biofuels by microorganisms. (4%)
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