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17.您正在了解基因在藥物處理過後,有沒有顯著的改變你利用了即時定量聚合酶鏈鎖反應(RT QPCR)以及西方墨点法(WesternBlt)两種方法來分析基因的表現量,結果意外的現基因在即時定量聚合酶鎖及應中,藥物處理前後表現量並沒有顯著的差異,但是在西方墨點法中, 藥物處理後表現量有明顯地增加请試著分析一下這個結果的原因,以及接來你會進一步設計怎樣的實驗來證明?(5分)
16.次世代定序(NGS,Nextgeneration squencing已成為分子生物學技術上不可取代的技術,请舉一個你熟悉的次世代定序平台,說明其原理3分)並說明次世代定序有那些實務上的應用(2分)。
15.液态活检(Liquid Biopsy),是近年來在臨床醫檢驗上新興重要樣來源之一,請問: A.甚麼是液態活?例如那些種類的檢體屬於液態活检?(2分) B.液态活中有那些分子可以做為檢驗的標的?(1分) C.一個液態活检應用於臨床醫學的具體例子(2分)
30. (5%) Which of the following is NOT a reason for conducting the paired-sample T- test? (A) The sample size is too small (B) The treatments can be compared with homogeneous subjects (C) The variation of measurements is too large compared to the variation related to the treatment (D) The data collected are paired with positive correlations (E) The subjects differ a lot in terms of their age, gender and ethnic groups
29. (5%) A histogram of a dataset X is plotted in Figure (i). The 1st quartile, median and the 3'd quartile of the data are 10, 25, and 50. Which of the following statements is correct? i) Histogram of x 20 10 Aouenbars -100 10 20 30 40 50 607080 90 110 130 트900 -10 0 10 20304050 60 70 80 90 X (A) The truncated mean of the central 50% data should be (10+50)/2=30 (B) If another variable Y is positively correlated with X, the distribution of Y must be skew to the right as the distribution of X (C) The mode is greater than 25 (D) Since it is a skewed distribution, we can model the data with a x distribution (E) Suppose we randomly draw 30 samples with replacement from this dataset and take average to get X. The distribution of X is more likely to be the function f3(x) in Figure (ii) rather than the function f1(x) or f2(x) 110 130
28. (5%) From the general knowledge, the population occurrence rate of asthma is 0.1 for children who visit hospitals. A pediatrician moved his clinic to a new place and he found 9 children with asthma among 50 appointments in his first day at the new place. If the 50 appointments are considered as Bernoulli random variables with O and 1 outcomes, the total number of asthma children, indicated as X, should follow a Binomial distribution with probability 0.1 under the general condition. He then makes the following guesses. Which one is a correct inference for the occurrence rate at the new place? (A) If the occurrence rate holds the same as other places, the standard deviation of each Bernoulli random variable in this problem is 0.1 x(1 -0.1) = 0.3. The standard deviation of X should be 50 x 0.3=15 (B) Since 9/50=0.18 is greater than 0.1, there must be an increase of the occurrence rate (C) If the occurrence rate is greater than 0.1, we should also see the proportion of asthma children to be greater than 0.1 in the next day (D) Since P(X=9)=0.033 is smaller than 0.05, we will decide this as an unusual situation, and the evidence supports an increased occurrence rate. The threshold 0.05 can be applied when the number of appointments is 70 in a day (E) Since P(X29)=0.058 is greater than 0.05, we do not have to worry too much about the situation, and it might be a random fluctuation from day to day. The threshold 0.05 can be applied when the number of appointments is 70 in a day

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