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20 If a large amount of “hot money” flows into Taiwan, what change will occur in the country’s balance of payments? (A) The current account balance decreases. (B) The current account balance increases. (C) The financial account balance decreases. (D) The financial account balance increases.

19 Which of the following policies is most consistent with the predictions of the Gravity Model of trade? (A) Encouraging domestic firms to increase research and development spending in order to reduce average production costs. (B) Reducing cross-border transportation and transaction costs through regional economic integration. (C) Requiring all firms to export goods while prohibiting them from importing products in the same category. (D) Dividing the domestic market into more administrative regions in order to increase product variety.

18 An international concert promoter receives US$1 million in ticket revenue from overseas and needs to convert the funds into British pounds to pay venue rental fees. The finance manager observes the following three spot exchange rates: US$1 = €0.8 €1 = £0.7 US$1 = £0.5 Assume that transactions can be conducted simultaneously in all three markets and that there are no transaction costs, bid–ask spreads, or quantity restrictions. Which of the following is correct? (A) There is no arbitrage opportunity. (B) The arbitrage profit is US$120,000. (C) The arbitrage profit is £50,000. (D) Whether a triangular arbitrage opportunity exists is not related to the British pound exchange rate.

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四、依團體協約法之規定,請說明勞資雙方就團體協約進行協商時,應遵守之義務及其內涵 (7 分)。又當協商過程出現僵局時,請說明可採取之處理方式(8 分)。

四、以下三個關於原住民族傳統領域的定義,請比較其異同,(15 分)並分 別說明甲、乙、丙三說的可能政策意涵。(10 分) 甲說:「原住民族傳統領域土地:指經依本辦法所定程序劃定之原住民 族傳統祭儀、祖靈聖地、部落及其獵區與墾耕或其他依原住民族文化、 傳統習慣等特徵可得確定其範圍之公有土地。」(原住民族土地或部落 範圍土地劃設辦法第 3 條) 乙說:「『傳統領域』概念源於原住民族運動,指原住民族世代生活、 生存、祭儀、生產的土地與自然資源範圍。即指當今生活在臺灣的原住 民族,於日本統治者、戰後中華民國法秩序到來前的生活空間。此外, 相對於現代型國家所採取以個人所有權為中心的土地權利安排;由原住 民族土地觀出發的傳統領域概念更強調部落對於土地的集體權利。」 (《臺灣原住民族事典》)丙說: 「原住民族的傳統領域(traditional territory)又稱為祖靈地(ancestral ,是指原住民族先於墾殖者開墾之前所擁有、居住、或使用的土地 land) 及海域。」 (施正鋒,〈原住民族傳統領域的劃設〉 (2017))

一、學者 Marshall 根據英國歷史發展,將公民權區分為公民權利、政治權利和社會權利三個部分,請問這三個部分的內涵和對應的制度為何? (25 分)