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11. 達爾文 (Charles Darwin) 在1830年代隨小獵犬號出航,其在加拉巴哥群島的田野觀察,結合後來對多種學說的整合,最終歸納出天擇 說。關於此理論的成因與邏輯,下列敘述何者最正確? (A)達爾文在群島觀察到不同島嶼間雀鳥的體型大小與其食性具有絕對的對應關係,這成為他論證物種可因環境適應而改變的最關鍵證 據 (B)達爾文受到華萊士 (Alfred Russel Wallace) 論文的啟發,才首度體認到「過度繁殖」與「生存競爭」是推動生物演化的核心動力 (C)萊爾 (Charles Lyell) 的地質學觀點賦予了地球漫長的歷史,這讓達爾文意識到,微小的有利變異必須透過極長的時間積累,才能演 化出顯著的結構特徵 (D)天擇說主張環境會對生物施加壓力,從而「誘導」基因產生適應性的突變,以確保族群能夠在劇烈變動的棲地中存活

25. According to the passage, how has the conceptualization of memory changed in both literature and science? (A) It has now come to be viewed as an infallible recording of past events. (B) It has moved from a static retrieval model to a dynamic reconstructive process. (C) It is increasingly seen as a physiological burden rather than a cognitive asset. (D) It has been simplified through the use of technological metaphors like the videotape.

26. According to the passage, what is the author’s view on the relationship between memory and the self ? (A) A stable identity is considered impossible because memory is largely biological rather than narrative. (B) The self is viewed as a fixed entity that remains mostly unaffected by the fluctuations of memory. (C) Identity is a temporary construct maintained through the constant revision of past experiences. (D) Narrative techniques in literature have finally been able to provide a permanent structure for the self.

7. The story was so _______ that I couldn't stop reading it all night. (A) boring (B) simple (C) engaging (D) tough

8. Please _______ your name clearly on the form. (A) write (B) draw (C) dictate (D) describe

9. During the winter, many birds _______ to warmer climates. (A) hibernate (B) disappear (C) migrate (D) dissolve