23、情境敘述:
世界衛生組織曾發布指南,建議 2 歲以下幼童不要接觸電子螢幕,但孩童觀看手機已成世代現象,時常可見家長在公共場合藉由手機讓孩童安靜下來,國內甚至有年僅 5 歲之孩童手機成癮。行政院為改善孩童手機成癮問題,於 110 年 10 月 7 日第○○次院會決議,請衛生福利部成立跨部會專案小組,積極研訂相關規定,以改善孩童過度使用手機情形,確保孩童身心健康。
問題:
假如您是行政院○○處本案承辦人,請以「簽稿併陳」方式,將本案簽陳院長核定,並以行政院函(稿)最速件,請衛生福利部於 1 個月內依行政院院會決議辦理。(30 分)
22、情境敘述:
臺灣便利超商密度很高,甲市政府教育局欲結合超商、學校、企業及民眾之力量,共同打造學童課後安全、安心的讀書空間。家境清寒之國小三年級以下學童放學返家如無人照顧,可前往特約超商寫功課,超商除提供小點心外,並安排志工伴讀。甲市政府教育局設立專戶,鼓勵民眾與企業捐款,現已募得新臺幣 200 萬元,將作為 1 年內執行經費。
問題:
假如您是甲市政府教育局本案承辦人,請依上述情境,運用「方案管理與習作」課程所學,以 6W2H1E 方案內容要項,擬具「大手牽小手–課後安心學習」方案。(40 分)
21、情境敘述及問題:
資訊科技及網際網路的快速發展,使用者得以隨時隨地透過行動裝置(如手機、平板電腦或筆記型電腦等)上網存取各式各樣的資訊、 軟體、音樂、影片等數位資源,然而這樣的便利性,相對地也產生許多資訊安全(以下簡稱資安)的漏洞,請說明應如何安全的使用行動裝置,以做好資安防護,免於資安威脅?試簡答之。(10 分)
第 43 至 46 題為題組
Zebrafish, named for their characteristic stripes, have been a popular test subject for researchers. Only a few centimeters in length, the fish breed easily in captivity, grow quickly, and their transparent body makes it easy to study their organs. Above all, they possess some amazing “self-healing” power. When part of their heart is removed, they can grow it back in a matter of weeks. When blinded, they can quickly regain the ability to see. Recent studies show that humans and zebrafish have the same major organs and share 70 percent of the genes. Moreover, 84 percent of human genes associated with disease find a counterpart in zebrafish. Scientists thus hope that understanding the self-healing mystery of the fish may one day allow humans to regenerate such organs as eyes, hearts, and spines.
Researchers at Vanderbilt University are particularly interested in zebrafish retina regeneration. They have learned that damage of retina can cause blindness in zebrafish, yet it only takes about three to four weeks before vision is restored. The structure and cell types of zebrafish retinas are almost identical to those of humans. If the process can be replicated in humans, it may give rise to new treatments for blindness caused by retinal damage.
In order to know exactly how zebrafish retina is regenerated, the team looked at the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a chemical messenger in the brain that reduces the activity of neurons. They found that lowering GABA levels in zebrafish can trigger retina regeneration, while a high level of GABA concentration will suppress the regeneration process. This suggested that GABA plays an important role in the fish’s ability to regain their sight.
The team is beginning to test the GABA theory on mice. If that works, human trials will be next on the agenda. If the research proves successful in humans, some of the nearly 40 million blind people worldwide may one day have a tiny, striped fish to thank.
46. According to the passage, which of the following is an opinion, but NOT a fact?
(A) Humans and zebrafish have 70 percent of genes in common.
(B) Zebrafish can quickly recover vision after damage to the retina.
(C) Scientists are testing if the GABA theory works on mice as it does on zebrafish.
(D) Understanding regeneration in zebrafish may allow humans to regrow their organs.
45. Which of the following is closest in meaning to “replicated” in the third paragraph?
(A) Reproduced. (B) Reassembled. (C) Recycled. (D) Restored.
44. Which of the following statements is true regarding GABA in zebrafish?
(A) Increasing GABA level facilitates neuron activities.
(B) There is a high level of GABA in the brain of zebrafish.
(C) Lowering GABA levels in the brain can stimulate retina regrowth.
(D) GABA contains chemical elements that trigger the growth of neurons.
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