107年 - 107 國立清華大學_碩士班考試入學試題_生命科學院甲、乙、丁組：生物化學#121599

科目：研究所、轉學考(插大)◆生物化學 | 年份：107年 | 選擇題數：15 | 申論題數：11

試卷資訊

所屬科目：研究所、轉學考(插大)◆生物化學

選擇題 (15)

1. Which of the following monosaccharide is the most stable in nature? (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

2. Which of the following statements about membrane lipids is FALSE? (A) Plasma membranes are enriched in phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. (B) Lipid compositions are not evenly distributed in different organelles. (C) The membrane fluidity is enhanced by the increase of saturation in phospholipids. (D) The inner leaflet and the outer leaflet of plasma membranes have different lipid compositions. (E) Most membrane lipids are amphipathic.

3. Which of the following method can be used to predict membrane protein topology? (A) Hydropathy plot (B) Determination of melting point (C) Ramachandran plot (D) Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (E) None of the above

4. What is/are the difference(s) between passive diffusion and facilitated diffusion? (A) Passive diffusion does not require protein transporters, while facilitated diffusion does. (B) Passive diffusion does not require ATP hydrolysis, while facilitated diffusion does. (C) Passive diffusion does not display saturation behavior, while facilitated diffusion does. (D) All of the above (E) A and C

5. Which of the following monosaccharides are anomers of each other? (A) Alpha-D-Glucose and Beta-L-Glucose (B) D-Sorbose and D-Fructose (C) D-Fructose and D-Glucose (D) Alpha-D-fructose and Beta-D-fructose (E) L-Glucose and L-Galactose

6. The process of electron transport will generate ATP. In the last stage, where does the energy that drives ATP synthesis come from? (A) The proton gradient (B) NAD⁺ and FAD (C) The electron gradient (D) The oxidation states of the complexes (E) Molecular oxygen

7. All of the following are in the mitochondria EXCEPT: (A) enzymes for fatty acid oxidation (B) adenylate kinase (C) TCA cycle (D) the electron transport complexes (E) pentose phosphate pathway

8. The reaction of photosynthesis whereby light energy is transduced into chemical energy uses ______ as a source of carbon, and produces ______. (A) CO₂； hexose (B) hexose； CO₂ (C) acetyl CoA； hexose (D) CO₂； acetyl CoA (E) none of the above.

9. Carotenoids have primary roles in photosynthesis as: (A) accessory light-harvesting and photooxidation (B) accessory light-harvesting and photoprotection from reactive oxygen species (C) resonance transfer pigments and photooxidation (D) resonance transfer and photodiffusion protection (E) none are true.

10. If levels of ______ and/or ______ are low, pyruvate is directed primarily into ______； but if they are high, pyruvate is converted into ______ for gluconeogenesis. (A) NADH； ATP； glycolysis； OAA (B) ATP； NADPH； glycolysis； acetyl CoA (C) ATP； acetyl CoA； TCA cycle； OAA (D) NAD+； acetyl CoA； TCA cycle； acetyl CoA (E) ATP； acetyl CoA； glycolysis； malate

11. All of the following are characteristics of phenylketonuria EXCEPT: (A) excretion of phenylpyruvate (B) air oxidation causes urine to turn dark on standing (C) treated by putting patient on a diet low in phenylalanine (D) untreated patients suffer severe mental retardation (E) deficiency or defect in phenylalanine hydroxylase.

12. Many ______ and ______ are inhibitors of purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis. (A) eicosanoids； aspirin (B) NSAIDs； antibiotics (C) antibiotics； eicosanoids (D) anticancer drugs； antibiotics (E) none of the above.

13. Adenylosuccinase (adenylosuccinate lyase) catalyzes the reaction to remove ______ after ______ has formed an amide with a carbonyl group in purine biosynthesis. (A) succinate； glutamate (B) succinate； aspartate (C) fumarate； alanine (D) fumarate； aspartate (E) alpha-ketoglutarate； glutamate

14. The fate of IMP is regulated by relative levels of ______ and ______； and energy to drive AMP synthesis is provided by ______ and energy for GMP synthesis by ______. (A) IMP； PRPP； ATP； GTP (B) PRPP； ATP； ATP； GTP (C) AMP； ATP； GTP； ATP (D) AMP； GMP； GTP； ATP (E) none of the above.

15. The immediate reducing power of ribonucleotide reductase is provided by: (A) thioredoxin (B) Ferredoxin (C) NADH (D) Fe-S complex (E) Cyt P-450.

申論題 (11)

(1) Which reaction occurs spontaneously? (2%)

(2) Can enzymes accelerate a slow reaction? Why or why not? (3%)

(3) Which reaction does not occur spontaneously? (2%)

(4) Can enzymes make a nonspontaneous reaction occur? Why or why not? (3%) [Image of reaction energy diagrams A and B]

(1) What is the charge of DNA? Why? (4%)

(2) Based on (1), what amino acids on DNA-binding proteins might contribute to the strong interactions between DNA molecules and the DNA-binding proteins? (6%)

3. Please determine the number of ATP equivalents if we complete a glucose oxidation. Assume for the calculation that NADPH is worth 3.5 ATPs, NADH is 2.7 ATPs, and FADH2 is 1.6 ATPs. (10%)

4. Please explain what is "Ketone Bodies" and the role in metabolism. Why it is important in diabetes early detection. (10%)

5. How can the current mass spectrometry be used for microbial identification and protein identification? (10%)

6. Particulate matter (PM) pollution is a serious problem in environmental medicine. What are the definitions of PM10, PM2.5 and PM1.0? What are the compositions of these PMs? How PM10, PM2.5 and PM1.0 affect people's health? What are the relationship between these PMs and lung cancer and cardiovascular disease? (10%)

7. What are the roles of Acetyl-CoA in metabolism? (Please list at least 5 regulatory functions of Acetyl-CoA) (10%)