所屬科目：研究所、轉學考(插大)-普通生物學
1. Which of the following is TRUE regarding Rhizobium-legume symbiosis?(A) The plant supplies nitrogen to the bacteria(B) The bacteria convert ammonia to nitrate for plant use(C) The plant provides carbohydrates and low-oxygen conditions(D) The bacteria live freely in the xylem vessels
2. Which of the following is a CORRECT pair of CO2 fixation enzyme and its product?(A) PEP carboxylase - oxaloacetate(B) Rubisco - phosphoenolpyruvate(C) PEP carboxylase - 3-phosphoglycerate(D) Rubisco - oxaloacetate
3. Which of the following is TRUE about red algal reproduction?(A) It involves flagellated male gametes for swimming to the egg(B) The life cycle includes a unique triphasic alternation of generations(C) They reproduce only by fragmentation(D) They lack meiosis in their life cycle
4. The term "alternation of generations" in plants refers to:(A) Asexual reproduction alternating with sexual reproduction(B) Diploid sporophyte and haploid gametophyte stages that alternate in the life cycle(C) Alternating between motile and non-motile stages(D) Switching between freshwater and marine habitats
5. Heterocyst formation in filamentous cyanobacteria is primarily induced by:(A) Low light intensity(C) Nitrogen limitation(B) High temperature(D) Presence of ammonium
6. Which of the following structures is not involved in asexual reproduction of lichens?(A) Soredia(B) Isidia(C) Fruiting bodies (D) Fragmentation
7. Which of the following terms refers to the fusion of cytoplasm from two fungal cells?(A) Karyogamy (B) Plasmogamy (C) Sporogamy(D) Syngamy
8. Which of the following best describes the driving force of xylem transport?(A) Osmotic potential generated by sucrose loading(B) Root pressure and transpiration-induced tension(C) Active transport of water molecules(D) Capillary action alone
9. Which of the following best describes the role of the Casparian strip in theendodermis of roots?(A) Regulates selective uptake of minerals into the vascular cylinder(B) Prevents backflow of water from xylem to cortex(C) Facilitates the movement of water via apoplastic flow(D) Enhances photosynthetic capacity in root tissues
10. The cortex and pith of a plant stem arise from which primary meristem?(A) Protoderm (B) Procambium (C) Ground meristem (D) Apical meristem
11. Bulliform cells in grass leaves are involved in:(A) Enhancing light absorption in low-light environments(B) Storing photosynthetic products(C) Facilitating leaf folding to reduce water loss(D) Transporting sugars to the phloem
12. Which of the following is NOT typically associated with root plasticity in response to environmental cues? (A) Enhanced root cap cell elongation in dry soil (B) Increased lateral root formation in low-nitrate zones (C) Root angle changes in response to gravity (D) Increased root hair density in phosphate-deficient conditions
13. Which of the following is TRUE about actinomorphic flowers?(A) They are bilaterally symmetrical(B) They often restrict pollinator access to only one direction(C) They are radially symmetrical and usually have multiple planes of symmetry(D) They are always wind-pollinated
14. In monocot seeds like maize, which structure delivers stored nutrients to the embryo during germination? (A) Scutellum (B) Plumule (C) Coleoptile (D) Endosperm
15. Which structure gives rise to the fleshy edible portion of an apple?(A) Pericarp (B) Receptacle (C) Ovule (D) Endosperm
16. Which of the following does NOT require ATP?(A) the movement of cilia(B) potassium ions across cell membrane through potassium channels(C) active transport(D) motor proteins move the vesicles along the cytoskeletal track
17. Which of the following does NOT directly produce ATP?(A) The light reaction of photosynthesis in plant(B) The glycolysis step of cell respiration(C) Citric acid cycle in mitochondria(D) Pyruvate oxidation
18. The inactivated X chromosome in the somatic cells of female mammals is called_______(A) lysosome (B) nucleosome (C) Barr body (D) Cajal body
19. The cellular protein that occurs at cyclically fluctuating concentrations and regulates the cell cycle is_______ (A) cyclic AMP (B) cyclin (C) cyclin-dependent kinase (D) G-protein
20. Which of the following is NOT a post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression?(A) Chromosome remodeling(B) Alternative splicing(C) 5' capping(D) miRNA-mediated gene silencing
21. Which of the following is the earliest step in the translation of eukaryotic mRNA?(A) forming the 80S complex(B) the met-tRNA recognize the first AUG codon(C) the ribosomal 40S subunit binds to the 5' end of mRNA(D) large subunit of ribosome binds to specific sequence of mRNA
22. Oxygen crosses the plasma membrane by_______(A) osmosis(B) active transport(C) pinocytosis(D) passive transport
23. Which of the following immunoglobulin plays the most important role in allergies?(A) IgM(B) IgG(C) IgE(D) IgA
24. Which of the following is NOT used as a major neurotransmitter in animals?(A) Glutamate(B) Acetylcholine(C) Lysine(D) Nitric oxide
25. Blood fibrinogen is converted into fibrin during_______(A) Clot formation(B) Oxygen transport(C) Glucose regulation(D) CO2 transport
26. The enzyme that activates or inactivates other proteins by adding a phosphate group to them is called_______(A) ligase(B) phosphatase(C) kinase(D) helicase
27. _______helps maintain the fluidly of animal cell membranes in cold environments.(A) PIP2(B) Glycerol(C) Cholesterol(D) Phospholipid
28. _______links homologous chromosome at the prophase I of meiosis(A) synaptonemal complex(B) cohesion(C) ligase(D) gap junction
29. Which of the following states the function of topoisomerase during DNA replication?(A) It relieves strain in the DNA ahead of the replication fork.(B) It unwinds the DNA double helix(C) It recruits DNA polymerase to the replication fork(D) It links the Okazaki fragments
30. Which of the following is incorrect for the function of glia in the CNS of adult vertebrate?(A) Ependymal cells help form the blood-brain barrier(B) Astrocytes can act as stem cells(C) oligodendrocytes myelinate axons in the CNS.(D) Microglia are immune cells in the CNS.
31. Mammals are homeostatic for all of the following EXCEPT(A) body temperature(B) blood glucose concentration(C) blood pH(D) metabolic rate
32. Which of the following is NOT the derivatives of mesoderm in vertebrates?(A) skeletal systems(B) Circulation and lymphatic systems(C) Adrenal cortex(D) Thymus
33. The retrotransposon is _______(A) A DNA sequence that can move from one site in the genome to another without replicating(B) A DNA sequence that can be deleted from the genome without consequence(C) A DNA sequence that replicates itself without catalytic activity of any protein.(D) A DNA sequence that replicates via an RNA intermediate
34. Why do some hormones require binding to a membrane receptor on the surface of a target cell in order to activate it?(A) Because they require the activation by ATP(B) Because they are not water-soluble(C) Because they cannot cross cell membranes(D) Because it needs stimulate endocytosis to internalize the hormone
35. Which of the following is INCORRECT in the ovarian cycle of mammals?(A) The highest LH level (LH surge) triggers ovulation(B) The corpus luteum secretes progesterone and estradiol(C) The maturing follicle secretes estradiol at the follicular phase thus increases the thickness of endometrium(D) High level of progesterone stimulates the hypothalamus to secrete the GnRH
1. Bottleneck effect
2. RNA interference
3. Epigenetics
4. Membrane potential
5. Extraembryonic membrane
6. Incomplete dominance
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