所屬科目:教甄◆生物專業
1. 游離型核糖體與附著型核糖體所合成的蛋白質類型有何差異?為何不同類型的蛋白質會在不同位置 的核糖體合成?
2. 請舉例說明有氧呼吸(aerobic respiration)、發酵作用(fermentation)與無氧呼吸(anaerobic respiration)的差異。
3. 請比較光合作用與呼吸作用在電子傳遞鏈的異同。
4. 下圖為一電子顯微鏡照片,若黑色顆粒為核糖體,請問 A、B 分別是何種構造?若將人類基因轉殖至此類生物的細胞中表現,可能與人類細胞表現的蛋白質有哪些差異??
5. 請概述 Crispr/Cas9 系統進行的 Gene Editing 和基因轉殖的做法與應用有何不同?
6. 相較於古典遺傳學,epistasis 和 epigenetics 分別多觀察到了哪些遺傳現象?
7. 請扼要說明光呼吸作用以及 C4 和 CAM 植物的適應機制
8. 請以高中生物課中植物學的內容做延伸,設想一個可以在校內進行的探究與實作課程。請提供主題 並扼要說明各階段可行的探究活動。
9. 下圖為小鼠卵巢橫切之組織染色顯微照片,請問甲、乙、丙、丁四階段之中,哪一階段為黃體期? 哪一階段為發情期(8~12 小時內即將排卵)?請說明你判斷的理由?
(1) 正在發生動作電位的乙區域,其神經衝動是否能回傳至甲區域?
(2) 若神經衝動是直接以電極刺激乙區域而引發,請問神經衝動能否朝甲區域傳遞?
(3) 若神經衝動是直接以電極刺激乙區域而引發,請問神經衝動能否傳至突觸前神經元?
11.豹紋守宮的性別決定是在胚胎發育的前兩週,溫度決定子代的性別。研究指出,溫度較低或較高時 較易產生雌性,適中溫度較易產生雄性。其他種類的爬蟲類,有些是低溫易產生雄性,高溫易產生雌性,另一些則是低溫易產生雌性,高溫產生雄性,但目前並 未發現到中溫易產生雌性 的爬蟲類。 請用演化的角度解釋畫底線文字所描述的現象?
12.軟殼綱生物的親緣關係如下圖。若日常生活用語中的蝦包括螳螂蝦、對蝦和螯蝦,不包括寄居蟹和螃蟹,則[日常生活用語中的蝦]是一個單系群、複系群或並系群?請說明你的理由?
13.請閱讀下面這篇短文,對其下一個標題,並出一個單選題(4 選 1,提供答案):
Animals rely on the reception of accurate information for survival and reproduction. Environmental noise, especially from human activity, challenges information acquisition by disturbing sensory channels and masking relevant cues. Investigations into how animals cope with noise have been heavily biased toward plasticity in information production, often overlooking flexibility in information reception. Studying internal sensory structures is challenging, but web-building spiders offer a unique opportunity to investigate external sensory surfaces—their webs. Here, we explored the potential of the funnel-weaving spider, Agelenopsis pennsylvanica, to influence information reception amid vibratory noise. During web construction, we exposed spiders to a 2 × 2 fully-crossed design: rural/urban collection sites and quiet/loud noise treatments, reflecting natural vibratory noise variation. On the resulting webs, we compared frequency-dependent energy loss between site/treatment groups as vibrations transmitted short and longer distances from an artificial stimulus to the spider’s hunting position. Under loud vibratory noise, rural webs retained more energy in longerdistance vibratory stimuli across a narrow frequency range (350–600 Hz) than all other groups, potentially to improve the reception of relevant prey and mate cues. Conversely, urban/loud webs lost more energy in shortdistance vibrations across a broader frequency range (300–1,000 Hz) than all other groups, likely to prevent sensory overload from constant, high-amplitude urban noise. Variable web transmission was related to spiders’ prior (ancestral and/or developmental) and current noise exposure. Our study highlights the capacity of animals to influence information reception amid environmental noise and emphasizes the importance of a holistic approach to studying information flow in dynamic environments.
14.若你擔任數理實驗班的教師,你會如何協助初入數理實驗班的高一生在上學期就作好研究的準備? 請扼要說明高一上學期約 16 周課程的可能內容。
15.若學生獲選代表學校參加台北市學科能力競賽,有一周下午的時間可以請公假培訓,請問你會如何 規劃培訓課程?請扼要說明培訓內容與時程。