二、文法測驗（請在下列各題中，選出最適當的答案） 

36. _______the annual membership fee, William is not allowed to enter the gym
(A)Not paid
(B)Not having paid
(C)Not paying
(D)Never paid

Not having paid the annual membership fee, William is not allowed to enter the gym.

沒有支付會員年費，威廉不被允許進入健身房。

原句是William has not paid the annual membership fee, William is not allowed to enter the gym.

have/has +p.p.現在完成式，表示現在的結果是如此，但該動作發生在過去的時間點或從過去延續到現在。（過去到現在都未完成的）

兩子句主詞相同，因此可精簡為分詞片語，否定副詞放句首，後面接Ving（形容詞性質）或形容詞來修飾主詞William

(A) Not paid 是過去式動詞。因分詞片語的屬性是形容詞，故改寫時將否定副詞Not放句首，後面只能加Ving或形容詞來修飾被省略的主詞William。

(C)Not paying 是現在進行式，但起因是強調William「過去」沒有付款才導致現在無法進入健身房。

(D)Never paid 意思是「從來沒付過錢」，不合邏輯，故不考慮此選項。

原句是 Because William has not paid the annual membership fee, William is not allowed to enter the gym.

分詞構句改寫: Because William Not having paid the annual membership fee, William is not allowed to enter the gym.

沒有支付會員年費，威廉不被允許進入健身房。

by 三民黃聖如老師