高普考/三四等/高員級◆英文題庫下載題庫

In earlier time periods一段時間，時期, the absence缺席 of dramatic transition轉變；過渡 to adult life allowed a more intensive密集的，集中 interaction交往；相互作用 among different age groups within the family and the community, thus providing a greater sense of continuity and interdependence互相依賴的，互相依存 among people at various stages of life.

But, as greater differentiation in stages of life began to develop, social and economic functions became more closely related to age, and the ages of family members became more streamlined合理, a greater segregation分離、隔離 between age ...

In earlier time periods一段時間，時期, the absence缺席 of dramatic transition轉變；過渡 to adult life allowed a more intensive密集的，集中 interaction交往；相互作用 among different age groups within the family and the community, thus providing a greater sense of continuity and interdependence互相依賴的，互相依存 among people at various stages of life.

But, as greater differentiation in stages of life began to develop, social and economic functions became more closely related to age, and the ages of family members became more streamlined合理, a greater segregation分離、隔離 between age groups emerged浮現；露出. 

The major changes that have led to the isolation of older people in society today were rooted not so much in changes in family structure or residential居民區 arrangements, as has generally been argued, as in the transformation徹底改觀；大變樣 and redefinition重新定義 of family functions and values. Under the impact of industrialization, the family surrendered承認失敗, 投降 many of the functions previously concentrated專心 within the household to other social institutions機構.

The retreat退卻；撤退 and growing privatism个人主义 of the modern middle-class family led to the drawing of sharper切斷, 鋒利的；尖 boundaries between family and community and intensified加強，增強 the segregation分離、隔離 of different age groups within the family, leading to the elimination of older people from visible family roles. The transfer of social-welfare functions, one concentrated in the family, to institutions in the larger society further contributed to the segregation分離、隔離 of older people.

The care of dependent, sick, delinquent（通常指年輕的）違法者, and elderly members of the community, which had been considered part of the family’s obligation義務；責任；職責 in the pre-industrial period, was gradually transferred to specialized institution such as asylums保護, （尤指政治）避難 and reformatories改革.

The family ceased停止，中止 to be the only available source of support for its dependent members, and the community ceased to rely on the family as the major agency機構, 代理機構 of welfare and social control.