複選題

3.下列哪些是學生輔導法規定的三級輔導之名稱？
(A)發展性
(B)治療性
(C)介入性
(D)處遇性

(E)預防性

1. Which of the following is the primary difference between how B cells and T cells recognize antigens? (A) T-cell receptors can bind antigen only after secretion of the T-cell receptor from the surface of the T cell (B) Antibodies can bind only to denatured proteins (C) T-cell receptors can only bind to carbohydrate groups or clusters of amino acids (D) B cells recognize degraded proteins bound to major histocompatibility molecules (E) T cells recognize antigens bound to major histocompatibility molecules.

2. Which of the following correctly describes the principal origin of antigens presented by MHC class I and MHC class II molecules? (A) MHC I: extracellular; MHC II: intracellular (B) MHC I: intracellular; MHC II: extracellular (C) MHC I: opsonization; MHC II: neutralization (D) MHC I: neutralization; MHC II: opsonization (E) None of the above

3. During the process of positive selection in the thymus, a developing T cell interacts with an MHC class I molecule. What is the outcome of this interaction? (A) The T cell stops expressing CD8 (B) The T cell commits to the CD8 lineage (C) The T cell starts rearranging its alpha chain to have two receptors (D) The T cell differentiates into a CD4 T cell (E) The T cell increases the expression of CD4

4. Which of the following best describes MHC restriction? (A) Elimination of thymocytes with T-cell receptors that cannot interact with self-MHC molecules. (B) Preferential survival and proliferation of thymocytes that survive negative selection. (C) T-cell recognition of a peptide antigen only when it is bound to a particular form of MHC molecule. (D) A state of non-responsiveness to a peptide antigen. (E) A condition in which either MHC class I or class II molecules are not expressed on cells.

5. In the thymus, a T cell with both CD4 and CD8 receptors (double-positive thymocyte) interacts with a self-peptide presented by a self-MHC class I molecule. If the binding affinity between the T cell receptor and the self-peptide: MHC complex is low, what is the outcome? (A) Negative selection and apoptosis (B) Cell activation (C) Rearrangement of the second β-chain locus (D) Positive selection of a CD4 T cell (E) Positive selection of a CD8 T cell

6. When a T cell is activated by a specific antigen, it undergoes several changes. Which of the following is "NOT" one of those changes? (A) It receives co-stimulatory signals through CD28 (B) It increases the expression of CD25 (C) It takes several days to differentiate into an effector T cell (D) It stops secreting and responding to interleukin-2 (IL-2) (E) It starts expressing CTLA4, which helps limit T cell proliferation

7. Which of the following statements about naive T cells is "incorrect"? (A) Naive T cells can enter lymph nodes from both the blood and the lymph (B) Naive T cells are activated in secondary lymphoid tissues (C) Naive T cells become effector T cells after they are activated (D) Naive T cells are found in both the cortex and medulla of lymph nodes (E) Only dendritic cells, not macrophages or B cells, can activate naive T cells

8. Which of the following types of hypersensitivity reactions is IgE mediated? (A) Type I (B) Type V (C) Type IV (D) Type II (E) Type III

9. Failure of self-tolerance can result in pathological autoimmune states, there are several mechanisms to control self-tolerance, which of the following is "NOT" the type of tolerance? (A) Central tolerance (B) Clonal anergy (C) Antibody secretion (D) Antigen segregation (E) Clonal deletion

10. The immunological synapse is critical for T cell activation. Which of the following molecules is NOT typically found in this essential structure? (A) CD28 (B) LFA-1 (C) MHC (D) Toll-like receptor (E) T cell receptor

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