複選題

8. Let and Let p be the orthogonal projection of b onto N( A ). Suppose b - p = av₁ + βv₂. Which of the following statements are true?
(A)9a=8
(B) 9a= 9
(C) 9 β = 7
(D) 9 β=8
(E) 9a + 9 β = 15

複選題4.Let  R( A ) denote the column space of A, and N( A ) denote the null space of A. Which of the following statements are true? (A) There exists a nonzero vector such that ATy = 0 and y = Ax for some  (B) For every , we can always find some such that y = Ax. (C) Let p be the orthogonal projection of (D) Let y be a vector in  (E) The intersection of R( A ) and N(AT) is the empty set.

複選題5.Let E = {V1,V2,V3} be a basis for a three-dimensional subspace S of an inner product space V. Define. Suppose E is an orthogonal set with.Let Let p be the orthogonal projection of x onto y, and suppose p = ay, where a is a scalar. Which of the following statements are true? (A) (x,y) = 7 (B) (x,y) =8 (C) a = 7/33 (D) a = 8/14 (E) lIxll = 62

複選題6.Let and nullity(  A  ) denote the dimension of N(  A  ). Suppose nullity(  A  ) = 2. Which of the following statements are true? (A) rank(AT) = 3 (B) nullity(AT) = 4 (C) Let A = [a1, a2, a3], where a1, a2, a3 are column vectors of A. Then a1 and a2 are linearly dependent. (D) The linear equation Ax = 0 has infinitely many solutions. (E) The linear equation ATy = d cannot have a unique solution for any.

複選題7. Let Pn denote the set of all polynomials of degree less than n. Which of the following statements are true? (A) Suppose V1, V2, V3 are linearly independent vectors in P3. Then V1, V2, V3 span P3. (B) If V1,V2, V3 are linearly dependent, then Span(v1, v2) must be equal to Span(v2, v3). (C) P2 is a subspace of P3. (D) Ifv1 + v2 + V3 equals the zero polynomial, then V1, V2, V3 must be linearly dependent. (E) If V1,V2, .., Vm span a vector space V, then V1, V2, ..., Vm must be linearly independent.

複選題9.Define a mapping L: R3 →R3 by L(x) = Kx, where . Suppose that E = {p, Kp, K2p} is an ordered basis of R3, and K3p - 5K2p + 7Kp - 11p = 0. Let A be the matrix representation of L with respect to basis E. SupposeWhich of the following statements are true? (A) (B)(C) (D)(E)

複選題10. Let S be the transition matrix from {V1,V2} to {u1, u2}. Suppose Which of the following statements are true? (A)a=-1 (B)b= 2(C)c=3 (D)d=4 (E) a +b+c+d= 23

11.令。方程式的平衡點發生在 (A)(y1,y2)= (0,0) (B)(y1,y2)=(π,0) (C) 以上皆是

12.若μ＞0,則初值在平衡點(y1,y2)=(0,0)附近的解會隨時間增加而 (A)收斂到(0,0)(B)遠離(0,0)(C)不一定,跟初值有關。

13.若μ＜0,則初值在平衡點(y1,y2)=(0,0)附近的解會隨時間增加而 (A)收斂到(0,0)(B)遠離(0,0)(C)不一定,跟初值有關。

14.考慮對(y1,y2)=(π,0)作線性化之線性方程式此時,若μ＜0,則該線性方程式之非零初值 解會隨時間增加而 (A)收斂到(0,0)(B)遠離(0,0)(C)不一定,跟初值有關。