10. In a consecutive reaction $A \rightarrow B \rightarrow C$ concentration of the intermediate will be small relative to the starting concentration of A if
(A) the rate constant for the first step is larger than that for the second,
(B) the rate constant for the second step is larger than that for the first,
(C) very few products have formed,
(D) nearly all the reactant has disappeared.

11. If a system at equilibrium is perturbed in the forward direction, the system will approach equilibrium with a rate determined by (A) the forward rate constant (B) the reverse rate constant (C) a combination of the two (D) neither

12. What is the physical meaning of $\Delta A$ in thermodynamics? (T: temperature; V: volume)(A) Maximum heat at constant T and V (B) Maximum non-expansion work at constant T and V(C) Maximum work at constant T and V (D) Maximum work at constant T

13. $\left(\frac{\partial \left(\frac{A}{T}\right)}{\partial \left(\frac{1}{T}\right)}\right)_V = ?$(A) $G$ (B) $H$ (C) $U$ (D) $S$

14. What is the expression of entropy change $(\Delta S)$ for the isothermal reversible expansion at temperature $T$ from $V_{1}$ to $V_{2}$ of $n$ moles of a van der Waals gas?(A) $nRT\ln \frac{V_1 - nb}{V_2 - nb} + an^2\left(\frac{1}{V_1} -\frac{1}{V_2}\right)$ (B) $-nR\ln \frac{V_1 - nb}{V_2 - nb} -\frac{an^2}{T}\left(\frac{1}{V_1} -\frac{1}{V_2}\right)$(C) $nR\ln \frac{V_1 - nb}{V_2 - nb} +\frac{an^2}{T}\left(\frac{1}{V_1} -\frac{1}{V_2}\right)$ (D) $-nRT\ln \frac{V_1 - nb}{V_2 - nb} -an^2\left(\frac{1}{V_1} -\frac{1}{V_2}\right)$

15. The equation of $C_{P,m} - C_{V,m}$ can be expressed in terms of $V_{m}, T,$ and the gas constants $R, a$ and $b$ as follows: $C_{P,m} - C_{V,m} = R / \left(\Gamma - \frac{\Theta a(V_m - b)^\Phi}{RTV_m^\Omega}\right)$ , where $\Gamma, \Theta, \Phi$ and $\Omega$ are real integers. Which of the description about $\Gamma, \Theta, \Phi$ and $\Omega$ is correct? (A) $\Gamma \neq \Omega$ (B) $\Theta \neq \Phi$ (C) $\Theta = \Phi = \Omega = 1$ (D) $\Omega = \Phi$

16. The rate equation of $A^{*}$ is (A) $[A^{*}] = [A]_{0}e^{-(k_{1} + k_{2})t}$ ; (B) $[A^{*}] = [A^{*}]_{0}e^{-(k_{3})t}$ ; (C) $[A^{*}] = [A^{*}]_{0}e^{-(k_{1} + k_{2} + k_{3})t}$ ; (D) $[A^{*}] = [A]_{0}e^{-(k_{1} + k_{2} + k_{3})t}$

17. The fluorescence lifetime of $A^{*}$ is (A) $\frac{1}{k_1}$ (B) $\frac{1}{k_1 + k_2}$ (C) $\frac{1}{k_1 + k_2 + k_3}$ (D) $\frac{1}{k_2}$

18. The branching percentage of $A_{hot}$ , is (A) $\frac{k_2}{k_1 + k_2}$ (B) $\frac{k_2}{k_1 + k_2 + k_3}$ (C) $\frac{k_1}{k_2}$ (D) $\frac{k_2}{k_1}$

19. The rate equation of species $A_{T}$ is (A) $[B] = \frac{k_3}{k_1 + k_2 + k_3} [A_T]_0 e^{-(k_1 + k_2 + k_3)t}$ (B) $[A_T] = [A_T]_0 e^{-(k_3)t}$ (C) $[A_T] = \frac{k_3}{k_1 + k_2 + k_3} [A_T]_0 [1 - e^{-(k_3)t}]$ (D) $[A_T] = \frac{k_3}{k_1 + k_2 + k_3} [A^*]_0 [1 - e^{-(k_1 + k_2 + k_3)t}]$

20. To increase the fluorescence quantum yield, the chemist may design a molecule with the following properties. Which of the following is incorrect?(A) A shorter fluorescence lifetime(B) Slower internal conversion rate(C) Slower intersystem crossing rate(D) Faster radiative decay

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