11. During the local inflammatory response, what chemical is released by mast cells that increase capillary permeability?
(A) proteases
(B) heparin
(C) histamine
(D) IgE
(E) complement

13. Blockage of the common bile duct would affect ______. (A) starch digestion (B) cellulose digestion (C) lipid digestion (D) protein digestion (E) nucleotide digestion

14. Which bone belongs to the appendicular skeleton? (A) skull (B) vertebral column (C) rib cage (D) femur (E) sternum

15. A patient has a blood pressure of 120/75, a pulse rate of 50 beats/min, a stroke volume of 60 mL/beat, and a respiratory rate of 25 breaths/min. This person's cardiac output per minute will be ______. (A) 1,000 mL (B) 1,500 mL (C) 3,000 mL (D) 4,500 mL (E) 7,200 mL

16. Which of the following cell conditions involves reverse transcriptase activity? (A) replicate DNA lagging strand (B) replicate DNA leading strand (C) replicate viral RNA (D) replicate DNA in SV40 virus (E) replicate mRNA

17. Which of the following chemicals is allosteric activator of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I? (A) N-Acetylglutamate (B) Citrulline (C) Ornithine (D) Aspartate (E) Glutamine

複選題18. Which of the following metabolites is produced by uracil degradation? (A) Uric acid (B) β-Alanine (C) Carbamoyl phosphate (D) β-Aminoisobutyrate (E) Ammonia

19. The 5´→3´ exonuclease activity of E. coli DNA polymerase I is involved in ______ during DNA replication. (A) proofreading (B) removal of RNA primers (C) sealing of nick (D) formation of Okazaki fragments (E) formation of a nick at the origin

20. Glutamate is metabolically converted to α-ketoglutarate and NH4 + in mitochondria matrix of hepatocyte by a process described as ______. (A) hydrolysis (B) transamination (C) oxidative deamination (D) one-carbon transfer (E) thiolysis

21. Posttranslational modification of proteins may include the followings EXCEPT (A) adding disulfide bridge. (B) adding cofactors and prosthetic groups. (C) cleavaging the nascent peptide. (D) adding a signal sequence at the N-terminus. (E) adding oligosaccharides in endoplasmic reticulum.

22. Which one of these characteristics is FALSE for the α-helix in protein? (A) There are 3.6 amino acids per turn. (B) There is a requirement for glycine in every third amino acid residue. (C) A H-bond forms between the carbonyl oxygen of the amino acid residue and the amido proton of the amino acid residue. (D) Proline is typically not found in the α-helix. (E) A single turn of the helix extends about 5.4 Å along the long axis.

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