12. A complex ion is a square planar complex. It has a d⁸ electron configuration. What is the most reasonable d orbital scheme for this complex?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

13. Helium effuses through a small opening at a rate of 1×10⁻⁹ mol s⁻¹. An unknown gas at the same temperature and pressure is found to effuse through the same opening at a rate of 3.78×10⁻¹⁰ mol s⁻¹. What is the molecular mass of the unknown gas? (A) 4 g mol⁻¹ (B) 14 g mol⁻¹ (C) 18 g mol⁻¹ (D) 28 g mol⁻¹ (E) 40 g mol⁻¹

14. Aluminum metal crystallizes in a face-centered cubic structure. What is the relationship between the radius of an Al atom (r) and the length of an edge of the unit cell ( E )? (A) r = E/2 (B) r = E/(C) r = (/4)E (D) r = 2E (E) r = 4E

15. Based on the phase diagram shown below, which of the following statements are correct? I. Sublimation occurs at a point in the transformation that falls along a straight line from point A to point F. II. C and E represent points where the gas and liquid phases are in equilibrium.  III. ΔHvap can be measured at point B. IV. Molecules at point D have a greater average kinetic energy than those at point F. V. The temperature at point E is called the critical temperature of the compound.(A) II, V (B) I, III, IV (C) I, II, III (D) II, IV, V (E) I, II, IV

16. A mixture of solid NaCl and CaCl₂ contains 10.0 g of NaCl, and an unknown amount of CaCl₂. When the entire mixture is dissolved in 1.00 kg of water, the boiling point changes by 0.25 °C. What mass of CaCl₂ was in the original mixture? Kb for water is 0.512 K·kg mol⁻¹. (A) 5.4 g (B) 8.1 g (C) 35.2 g (D) 21.6 g (E) 17.6 g

17. Acetone (mw = 58.08, = 232 mmHg) and butanone (mw = 72.11, = 100 mmHg) have the indicated molar masses and vapor pressures. A container holds 1.00 kg of butanone. How much acetone must be added to the butanone to elevate the total vapor pressure over the mixture to 125 mmHg at 25°C? (A) 5.313 kg(B) 290 g(C) 188 g (D) 288 g(E) 94 g

18. The constant pressure heat capacity (cp) generally increases with (A) the mass of the molecule (B) the internal degrees of freedom in the molecule (C) the number of atoms in the molecule (D) b and c (E) a and c

19. Which statement is true of a process in which 1 mol of a gas is expanded from state A to state B? (A) When the gas expands from state A to state B, the surroundings are doing work on the system. (B) The amount of work done in the process must be the same, regardless of the path. (C) It is not possible to have more than one path for a change of state. (D) The final volume of the gas will depend on the path taken. (E) The amount of heat released in the process will depend on the path taken.

20. Which of the following coordination compounds will form a precipitate when treated with an aqueous solution of AgNO₃? (A) [Cr(NH₃)₃Cl₃] (B) [Cr(NH₃)₆]Cl₃ (C) [Cr(NH₃)Cl]NO₃ (D) Na₃[Cr(CN)₆] (E) Na₃[CrCl₆]

複選題21. Which of the following statements about the CO32- ion is false? (A) The orbitals on the carbon atom are sp² hybridized. (B) The ion is expected to be diamagnetic. (C) One C-O bond is shorter than the others. (D) The ion has a total of 24 electrons. (E) It has a planar molecular geometry.

22. Solid KF has a lattice energy of -804 kJ/mol and a heat of solution (in water) of -15 kJ/mol. RbF has a lattice energy of -768 kJ/mol and a heat of solution (in water) of -24 kJ/mol. Which salt forms stronger attractions with water? (A) KF, because it has a more exothermic lattice energy (B) RbF, because it has a less exothermic lattice energy (C) KF, because it has a more negative heat of hydration (D) RbF, because it has a more negative heat of hydration (E) They form equally strong attractions with water, because they both have negative heats of mixing.

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