12. Which of the following is a key feature of epigenetic regulation?
(A) Changes in the DNA sequence
(B) Regulation of gene expression through non-coding RNA
(C) Alterations in the chromatin structure
(D) Protein-protein interactions during translation

8. Which of the following is a product of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis? (A) Glucose (B) ATP (C) Water (D) Carbon dioxide

9. Which of the following is a function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)? (A) Protein synthesis (B) Lipid synthesis (C)Calcium storage (D) All of the above

10. Which of the following is NOT a function of the Golgi apparatus? (A) Protein modification (B) Protein sorting (C) Lipid synthesis (D) Vesicle formation

11. Which of the following is NOT a component of the endomembrane system? (A) Endoplasmic reticulum (B) Golgi apparatus (C) Mitochondria (D) Lysosomes

13. Which of the following is NOT a type of hormone produced by the human pituitary gland? (A) Growth hormone (GH) (B) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) (C) Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) (D) Adrenaline

14. Which of the following statements is true regarding mitosis and meiosis? (A) Mitosis results in the production of genetically identical daughter cells, while meiosis results in the production of genetically diverse daughter cells. (B) Mitosis results in the production of genetically diverse daughter cells, while meiosis results in the production of genetically identical daughter cells. (C) Both mitosis and meiosis result in the production of genetically identical daughter cells. (D) Both mitosis and meiosis result in the production of genetically diverse daughter cells.

15. Which of the following statements is true regarding transcription and translation? (A) Transcription occurs in the cytoplasm, while translation occurs in the nucleus. (B) Transcription results in the production of RNA, while translation results in the production of proteins. (C)Transcription results in the production of proteins, while translation results in the production of RNA. (D) Transcription and translation both occur in the nucleus.

16. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of enzymes? (A) Enzymes are specific to a particular substrate. (B) Enzymes are consumed in the chemical reaction they catalyze. (C) Enzymes lower the activation energy required for a chemical reaction to occur. (D) Enzymes can be regulated by inhibitors and activators

17. Which of the following is NOT a type of cell junction found in animal tissues? (A) Tight junctions (B) Desmosomes (C)Gap junctions (D) Plasmodesmata

18. Which of the following is an example of negative feedback in the human body? (A) The release of insulin in response to high blood glucose levels (B) The release of cortisol in response to stress (C) The contraction of the uterus during childbirth (D) The release of oxytocin during breastfeeding