14. Consider a cyclic process of a thermodynamic system. The Pressure-Volume diagram of this process is shown in the figure. What area in the P-V diagram represents the work done by the system in each cycle?

(A) a
(B) b
(C) c
(D) d
(E) b + d

13. Consider a circular disk of mass M and radius R, as shown in the figure. What is the moment of inertia of the disk about an axis through the center and perpendicular to the flat surface? (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

15. Consider the entropy of an ideal gas system. Which one of the following processes results in the decrease of the entropy of the system? (A) Quasi-static adiabatic expansion from volume V to volume 2V. (B) Quasi-static adiabatic compression from volume V to volume (1/2)V. (C) Adiabatic free expansion from volume V to volume 2V. (D) Quasi-static isothermal expansion from volume V to volume 2V. (E) Quasi-static isothermal compression from volume V to volume (1/2)V.

複選題16. Which ones of the following units are the units of magnetic field? (A) henry (B) (C) (D) tesla (E) farad

複選題17. Which ones of the following concepts must be applied to explain the features of the Compton scattering effect? (A) quantization of the energy of light (B) quantization of the momentum of light (C) quantization of the angular momentum of light (D) quantization of the bound electron energy levels in atom (E) conservation of total momentum

複選題18. Consider the propagation of light, which ones of the following phenomena can be deduced from Maxwell's theory of electromagnetism? (A) double slit interference (B) birefringence resulted from anisotropic media (C) refraction law (Snell's law) (D) reflection law (The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.) (E) zero reflection at Brewster's angle

複選題19. Which ones of the following statements are the postulates of special relativity? (A) E = mc², where E is energy, m is mass, and c is speed of light in vacuum. (B) All physical laws have the same form in all inertial reference frames. (C) The space-time transformation obeys the Lorentz transformation. (D) The speed of light in vacuum is the same in all inertial reference frames. (E) No object can moves with a speed higher than the speed of light in vacuum.

複選題20. Which ones of the following items are not electromagnetic waves? (A) alpha ray (B) beta ray (C) gamma ray (D) cathode ray (E) x-ray

1. A copper rod of length L = 10 cm and cross-sectional area A = 2 mm² has a resistance of 8.5 × 10⁻⁴ Ω across its ends. Find the resistivity ρ of copper. (A) 4.25 × 10⁻³ Ω/m (B) 4.25 × 10⁻¹ Ω/m (C) 42.5 Ω/m (D) 1.7 × 10⁻⁴ Ω-m (E) 1.7 × 10⁻⁸ Ω-m

2. A spherical shell of radius R has charge Q uniformly distributed over its surface. Find the energy stored in this charge distribution. (A) (B)(C)(D) (E)

3. A circuit composed of a battery of voltage V, a resistor of resistance R, an inductor of inductance L, and a switch S is shown in the figure. Initially the switch is at position 1 that a constant current I is maintained in the circuit. Then it is switched to position 2 at time t = 0. Please find the time while the current drops to I/2. (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

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