15 對於學齡前兒童，影響語音習得因素的描述，下列何者正確？
(A)雙胞胎溝通機會多，構音技巧通常優於獨生子
(B)同一家中，老大的構音技巧通常優於老二
(C)跟兄姊年齡越接近的兒童，通常構音技巧優於跟兄姐年齡差距大的兒童
(D)對智商正常的兒童，智商與構音技巧呈現高度正相關

A. 在學前階段，排行老大和獨生子女的構音表現，較有哥哥姊姊的兒童和雙胞胎來得好。
Firstborn and only children exhibit somewhat better articulation performance than children who have older siblings or twins during the preschool years.

B. Koch(1956)指出老大比老二構音好。

C. Koch(1956)手足的年紀差距越大，個案的構音表現越好。

D. 智力正常兒童的智力表現和語音產出技巧呈低度正相關，或無關。
Some (e.g., Clark, 1959; Kronvall and Diehl, 1954; Travis and Rasmus, 1931) found that normal speakers had significantly better discrimination skills, and several investigators found a positive correlation between perfomance on articulation tests and performance on tests of speech sound discrimination (Reid, 1947a; Carrell and Pendergast, 1954). Other studies, however, found no such relationship (Garrett, 1969; Hall, 1938; Mase, 1946; Prins, 1962b; Veatch, 1970).

出處：
構音及音韻障礙導論：兒童語音障礙 第一版 第5-21、5-31頁。
Articulation and phonological disorders : speech sound disorders in children, 7th ed. p.147 & 177

Koch (1956)指出，長子的發音比晚出生的孩子更好，其次，孩子與其兄弟姐妹之間的年齡差距越大，孩子的構音表現就越好。同樣，Davis (1937) 的報告指出，沒有兄弟姐妹的兒童的構音表現較有兄弟姐妹和雙胞胎的兒童好。

〔出處〕Articulation and Phonological Disorders: Speech Sound Disorders in Children，2016，John E. Bernthal, Nicholas W. Bankson, Peter Flipsen Jr.p120