15. Competitive inhibition of enzymes occurs__?
(A) when a substance binds to an enzyme at a site away from the active site；
(B) when the product, instead of the reactant of a reaction binds to the active site；
(C) when a substance other than the substrate binds at the active site of an enzyme；
(D) by blocking the production of an enzyme.

11. Which statement about the cytoskeleton is NOT correct? (A) a system of tracks used for intracellular transport；(B) composed of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments；(C) a structure that aids in the process of cell division；(D) found in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells.

12. Oxidation means__? (A) the loss of electrons from a molecule；(B) the loss of oxygen by a cell； (C) the gain of electrons by a molecule；(D) the gain of oxygen by a cell.

13. Coupled reactions are reactions in which a__? (A) exergonic reaction drives an endergonic reaction；(B) exergonic reaction drives a spontaneous reaction；(C) endergonic reaction drives an exergonic reaction；(D) endergonic reaction drives a spontaneous reaction.

14. Enzymes speed chemical reactions by__? (A) supplying energy to the reaction process；(B) raising the temperature of the surroundings；(C) lowering the amount of reactants that are needed；(D) lowering the energy required to start a chemical reaction.

16. Which statement about simple diffusion is correct? (A) does not require energy；(B) utilizes proteins to move molecules across a membrane；(C) cannot occur without a membrane present；(D) moves molecules against a concentration gradient.

17. If an animal cell has a greater concentration of solute than its environment, the cell__? (A) will not experience a net gain or loss of water；(B) is hypertonic to the environment；(C) is isotonic to the environment；(D) is hypotonic to the environment.

18. The molecular reactants for photosynthesis are__? (A) glucose and carbon dioxide；(B) glucose and sunlight；(C) glucose and water；(D) water and carbon dioxide.

19. Your liver produces 90% of the cholesterol found in your body. When cholesterol levels get too high, the first enzyme in the pathway of cholesterol synthesis is inhibited. This is an example of__? (A) positive feedback；(B) denaturation；(C) negative feedback；(D) equilibrium.

20. Which of the following is NOT a net product or reactant of photosynthesis? (A) oxygen；(B) glucose；(C) carbon dioxide；(D) ATP

21. The main reason that cellular aerobic respiration needs to occur step by step instead of a single, big reaction is__? (A) cells produce the enzymes needed for cellular respiration very slowly； (B) too much energy would be released as heat, and destroy the cell；(C) cells don't store enough oxygen to absorb all the energy in one release；(D) cells don't have enough mitochondria to catalyze the larger, single reaction.