15. The term laser is an acronym for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation. What is the basis of laser behavior that causes emission totally coherent with the incoming radiation?
(A) pumping
(B) spontaneous emission
(C) stimulated emission
(D) absorption

1. At a particular temperature, the half-life of a zero-order reaction is 29.0min. How long will it take for the reactant concentration to be depleted by a factor of 8 ([A]t/[A]0 = 1/8)? (A) 87.0min (B) 58.0min (C) 50.8min (D) 232min (E) 203min

2. Consider the reaction: 2SO2(g) + O2(g) ⇌ 2SO3(g), for which ΔH° = −200. kJ and ΔS° = −187 J/K at 25°C. Assuming that ΔH° and ΔS° are independent of temperature, calculate the temperature where Kp = 1. (A) 200 K (B) 1070 K (C) 2070 K (D) 970 K (E) none of these

3. Which of the following statements is/are true of adiabatic process?1. In an adiabatic process, no energy such as heat flows into or out of the system. 2. An adiabatic process occurs when a system is thermally conducted to the surroundings.3. For an adiabatic process, q = 0 and ΔE = w. (A) 1 only (B) 2 only (C) 3 only (D) 1 and 2 (E) 1 and 3

4. Which occupied orbital has the highest energy in the rubidium atom at ground state? (A) 4p (B) 4s (C) 5s (D) 1s (E) 4d

5. The rate constant for a reaction increases from 10.0 s⁻¹ to 100. s⁻¹ when the temperature is increased from 315K to 416K. What is the activation energy for the reaction in kJ/mol? (R = 8.314 J/mol·K) (A) 10.8 kJ/mol (B) 0.0823 kJ/mol (C) 1.90 kJ/mol (D) 19.3 kJ/mol (E) 24.8 kJ/mol

6. How many of the following electron configurations for the species in their ground state are correct? Ca 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s² Mg 1s²2s²2p⁶3s¹ V [Ar] 3s²3d³ As [Ar] 4s²3d¹⁰4p³ P 1s²2s²2p⁶3p⁵ (A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4 (E) 5

7. The elementary chemical reaction O + ClO → Cl + O2 is made pseudo-first order in oxygen atoms by using a large excess of ClO radicals. The rate constant for the reaction is 3.5 × 10⁻¹¹ cm³/molecule·s. If the initial concentration of ClO is 1.0 × 10¹¹ molecules/cm³, how long will it take for the oxygen atoms to decrease to 10.% of their initial concentration? (A) 3.2 × 10⁻³ s (B) 0.66 s (C) 0.017 s (D) 23 s (E) 2.4 s

8. Which following quantum model is most adequate as an approximation to describe an p electron moving in benzene? (A) A particle in a one-dimensional box. (B) Harmonic oscillator. (C) A freely moving particle. (D) Rotation in two dimensions. (E) A particle in a two-dimensional box.

9. Consider the second-order reaction aA → products (which has a first half-life of 25 s). If the concentration of A after 15.6 s is 0.36 M, determine the initial concentration of A. (A) 0.58 M (B) 0.26 M (C) 0.53 M (D) 0.14 M (E) 0.16 M

10. For an electron in a 2.00-nm one-dimensional box, calculate the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation to excite the electron from the ground state to the level with n = 3. (A) 140 pm (B) 467,000 nm (C) 32 mm (D) 1,650 nm (E) 62 fm

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