18. Which activity of bacterial DNA polymerase is used for editing (proof-reading)
(A) 3' to 5' exonuclease
(B) 5' to 3' exonuclease
(C) primase
(D) polymerization activity

19. A mutation that produces a temperature-sensitive phenotype is generally caused by: (A) base-pair substitution (B) macro-deletion (C) frameshift mutation (D) translocation

20. Which of the following structures is involved in the protection of eukaryotic chromosome from end-to-end fusions: (A) centromere (B) nucleolus (C) telomere (D) introns

21. In homologous recombination in E. coli, which protein binds to Holliday juncture with high affinity: (A) RecA (B) RuvA (C) RecBCD (D) RecFOR

22. The DNA isolated from two organisms A and B was found to contain unique sequence (i.e., no repetitive sequences). The Cot1/2 values for A- and B-DNA were 20 and 2 M s, respectively. These results suggest that: (A) the size of A-DNA is ten times larger than B-DNA. (B) A-DNA is circular and B-DNA is linear. (C) the sizes of A-DNA and B-DNA are the same. (D) the size of B-DNA is ten times larger than A-DNA.

23. One major problem of replicating linear DNA is that (A) the replicated DNA duplexes form catenane (B) the ends of linear DNA cannot be completely replicated (C) the replicated DNA duplexes are covalently linked (D) none of above

24. "DNase protection" is a technique used to identify: (A) the position of a intron. (B) the position of a exon. (C) a region of RNA that has been deletion. (D) the specific binding site of a repressor, polymerase, or other protein on the DNA.

25. The catalytic activity of ribozymes would be depended on: (A) correct base sequence (B) correct interaction with protein (C) correct secondary structure (D) all of the above

26. HIV infection would be treated with AZT (3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxythymidine) because AZT acts in HIV-infected cells by: (A) increasing GTP production. (B) blocking free radical synthesis. (C) inhibiting reverse transcriptase. (D) inhibiting apoptosis.

27. Centromere is (A) the chromosomal region that is the point of attachment of the mitotic spindle. (B) the chromosomal region that bind to several histone protein (C) the promoter region that bind to transcription factor (D) the 3' UTR region binging to miRNA

28. Which RNA is least or not involved in translation? (A) rRNA (ribosomal RNA) (B) tRNA (transfer RNA) (C) mRNA (messenger RNA) (D) snRNA (small nuclear RNA)

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