2. Light reflecting off an object in the environment is detected by photoreceptors after following which path?

(A) lens ＞ cornea ＞ retina ＞ ganglion cell layer ＞ iris

(B) cornea ＞ lens ＞ iris ＞ ganglion cell layer ＞ retina

(C) retina ＞ ganglion cell layer ＞ lens ＞ iris ＞ cornea

(D) cornea ＞ iris ＞ lens ＞ ganglion cell layer ＞ retina

48. 在平面直角坐標系中,考慮拋物線y=12-x² 與 x 軸所圍成的封閉區域。欲在此區域內畫一個矩形,使其一邊在X 軸上,其餘兩頂點在拋物線上。請求出此矩形的最大可能面積為何? (A) 64 (B) 16√3 (C) 32 (D) 16

49. 已知直線L₁與L2為空間中兩相異直線,則下列敘述何者    不正確    ? (A)若L₁與L2 相交,則可決定唯一平面 (B)若L₁與L2同時垂直於平面E,則L₁與L2 必互相平行 (C)若L₁與L2同時垂直於平面E,則L₁與L2 必互相垂直 (D)若直線L₁與L2為歪斜線,則L₁與L2不相交

50. 在空間中,給定兩歪斜線 與。若在直線L₁上取一點 P,在直線L2上取一點Q,使得線段長PQ最短,試求PQ距離為何? (A) 2√7 (B) (C) √17 (D) 3

1. The operation of the sodium-potassium "pump" moves (A) sodium and potassium ions into the cell (B) sodium and potassium ions out of the cell (C) sodium ions into the cell and potassium ions out of the cell (D) sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell (E) sodium and potassium ions into the mitochondria

3. How do myelin sheaths increase the speed with which action potentials are propagated along an axon? (A) They increase the permeability of Na+ ions in the plasma membrane. (B) They amplify the action potential by increasing sodium influx along the entire distance of the neuron. (C) They insulate the axon, preventing K+ ions from exiting the neuron. (D) They cause action potentials to "jump" down the axon rather than travel in a continuous path along every site on the axon.

4. A newborn who is accidentally given a drug that destroys the thymus would most likely (A) lack class I major histocompatability (MHC) molecules on cell surfaces (B) lack innate immunity (C) be unable to genetically rearrange antigen receptors (D) be unable to differentiate and mature T cells (E) have a reduced number of B cells and be unable to form antibodies

5. Suppose a person's AV node in their heart suddenly stopped sending signals to the rest of the heart. How would this person's EKG differ from normal? (A) The EKG would have a taller P region. (B) The EKG would not have a QRS region. (C) The EKG would have a shorter T region (D) The EKG would not have a gap between the S and T regions.

6. Oxygen-poor blood is carried from the heart of a mammal to the lungs via the (A) pulmonary arteries. (B) pulmonary veins. (C) superior vena cava. (D) inferior vena cava.

7. Which of the following hormones is made by the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary? (A) estrogen. (B) anti-diuretic hormone (ADH). (C) insulin. (D) calcitonin.

8. During ventricular systole, the semilunar valves _ and the AV valves _ (A) open; open. (B) close; open (C) open; close. (D) close; close