20.
(A) regardless
(B) et cetera
(C) in vivo
(D) in vitro
(E) instead

21. Based on the information in the passage, which of the following is true? (A) Physicians who paid no attention to antiracism education, structural competency and advocacy emanated from the shortage of on-reserve physicians and space set aside in hospitals for the Indigenous ceremony.(B) A health equity gap for Indigenous people is evidenced by documented rates of type 2 diabetes in the world approximately a quarter higher in Indigenous compared with non-Indigenous populations.(C) Doctor-patient ratios for Indigenous people across Canada did not reflect doctor shortages, based on reports of physicians who took a genuine interest in Indigenous patients with disproportionate rates of diabetes.(D) Rushed appointments and negative judgments regarding Indigenous customs created a lack of confidence in the health system and led to Indigenous patients not disclosing all of their symptoms. (E) Indigenous patients wanted services provided in their communities or in the examination rooms of hospitals for clinical interactions, as Indigenous families always came to hospitals in support of a patient.

22. According to the passage which of the following is not true? (A) Health inequities that emerged under the influence of colonization in Canada include differences in the social determinants of health, social exclusion, political marginalization, and historical trauma.(B) Indigenous patients with type 2 diabetes in Canada did not have access to the same interventions offered to non-Indigenous patients, but it was always possible to practice the Indigenous ceremony in hospitals when confined to a bed.(C) Negative judgments about Indigenous customs and communities created a lack of confidence in the health system and provider in Canada.(D) It is not uncommon for Indigenous extended families to visit patients with type 2 diabetes in hospitals in Canada.(E) Indigenous patients questioned doctor-patient ratios for Indigenous people across Canada, based on their experiences that each visit to a clinic off-reserve could lead to interacting with a new provider, retelling one's history, and leaving with another care plan.

23. Which of the following instances of unsafe health care is not discussed, either directly or indirectly, in the passage? (A) Physicians coming and going from community (B) Denied ability to practice ceremony (C) Frustration with the daily challenges that affect coping with long queues (D) Past experiences influenced faith in health care (E) What used to be hemochromatosis is now the epidemic of asthma and tuberculosis

24. The word "mitigating" as it is used in the final paragraph most nearly means ＿＿＿. (A) alleviating (B) inducting(C) instigating(D) invoking(E) militating

25. What is the most likely reason that in the final paragraph the “ongoing colonial dynamics” is mentioned? (A) to show through a metaphor that reality is, in the findings, such as a senior hospital administrator did not run a lodging service for Indigenous patients (B) to remind us that Indigenous people tend to acquire diabetes at younger ages and have poorer treatment outcomes in Canada (C) to reinforce the point that Indigenous patients with tuberculosis were used as guinea pigs during the mid-20th century in Canada (D) to reinforce the point that the interactions with health services were influenced by personal and collective historical experiences with health care providers (E) to illustrate the point that new physicians came to Indigenous communities to gain experience with complex and diverse diseases before moving on to better places

26. Based on Byron's mother's description of his deformed foot in paragraph 1, talipes in Latin is most likely to mean "to walk on the ＿＿＿" in English. What is the most appropriate answer to the blank? (A) soles(B) heels(C) ankles(D) toes(E) knees

27. According to this passage, which of the following is NOT a fact about talipes equinovarus, or clubfoot? (A) It affects males more frequently than females. (B) It is a recognized disease that may affect both feet. (C) It has been recognized since the ancient time. (D) It has been recognized as a contagious disease. (E) It, if only on one side, is more common on the right.

28. Where does the following sentence best belong? According to his later friend, John Cam Hobhouse (1786-1869), "he wore the instrument with impatience and threw it in the pond." (A) At the end of paragraph 1 (B) At the end of paragraph 2 (C) At the end of paragraph 3 (D) At the end of paragraph 4 (E) At the end of paragraph 5

29. The word "excruciating" in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ＿＿＿. (A) advanced(B) agonizing (C) medicinal(D) soothing(E) therapeutic

30. Based on the information in this passage, which of the following is the most correct statement about Byron? (A) The treatment of his clubfoot was very successful. (B) He became rich after the death of his great-uncle. (C) He was a patient diagnosed with a clubfoot on the left. (D) He refused to see Mr. Roger anymore due to his clubfoot. (E) His deformed foot had been recognized since his birth.

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