114年 - 114 國立清華大學_學士後醫學系單招試題_學士後醫學系自然科學組：英文#126267

1. No one can say what causes the oceans' chemistry to change so dramatically from time to time, but the opening and shutting of ocean ridges would be an obvious possible ________. (A) charlatan (B) confidant (C) countenance (D) culprit (E) cynic

2. Claudia Townsend, associate professor of marketing in the Miami Herbert Business School, weighed in on the blockbuster roll out of the Barbie and Oppenheimer movies that ________ massive success at the box office. (A) scored (B) stigmatized (C) stipulated (D) stunted (E) succumbed

3. The ________ VUCA has been used to refer to the volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous nature of the times we live in. (A) vocalic (B) antonym (C) acronym (D) etymon (E) alias

4. It is a feature of modern Western culture that art has an almost religious significance. In particular, people who have no traditional religious consciousness often have this deep ________ for art. (A) aversion (B) qualm (C) scruple (D) disregard (E) reverence

5. The uncertain quality and expanding quantity of information pose large challenges for society. The sheer ________ of information will not in itself create a more informed citizenry without a complementary cluster of abilities necessary to use information effectively. (A) volition (B) polarization (C) manipulation (D) abundance (E) scarcity

6. Simulations have shown that a gamma ray burst in our Milky Way could wipe out the stratospheric ozone layer for years, long enough to cause widespread ________ (A) experience (B) extinction (C) colosseum (D) abstract (E) extract

7. Sometimes technologies that seem ________ and that we take for granted as part of everyday life have unanticipated consequences. (A) preposterous (B) appalling (C) brazen (D) benign (E) coy

8. Currently, approval has been granted for inoculation administration to the 12-to-17 year-old ________, and the target is to achieve the largest number of inoculations possible by the start of school in the Fall. (A) innuendos (B) demographic (C) huddle (D) abode (E) parameters

9. Since the queen is very powerful in the game of chess, a novice usually brings out the queen quickly, hoping to ________ the opponent. (A)interrupt (B) interject (C) interrogate (D) intimate (E) intimidate

10. Though lace is fairly ________ in today's fashion world, it was once a delicate and upscale profession of femininity. (A)ubiquitous (B) ultimate (C) unabated (D) unctuous (E) urbane 

II. Grammar: 20 points (Please choose ONE underlined part that contains ungrammatical use of English for each sentence.)
11.   Befitting   the most celebrated scientist   of   his time, Alexander von Humboldt    is known   the world over, with his name   bestowing   on hundreds of plants and  animals, from the Humboldt lily to the Humboldt penguin, and on geographical features, from the Humboldt Glacier in Greenland to the Humboldt Current   that   follows along the west coast of South America. 

(A)Befitting(B)of(C)is known(D)bestowing(E)that

12 "Culture appears more monolithic than ever, with a few gigantic   corporations  ---Google, Apple, Facebook, Amazon--   presiding   over   unprecedented      monopolies  ," argues Ross. "Internet discourse has become   more tight  , more  coercive."

(A)corporations(B)presiding(C)unprecedented(D)monopolies(E)more tight

13. Social media is built for things to   go viral  , for users to quickly share. No matter  what  devastating, enlightening or enraging a TikTok, social media post or YouTube  video   is  , you must wait before passing it on to your network.   Assume   everything is    suspect   until you confirm its authenticity. (A)go viral(B)what(C)is(D)Assume(E)suspect

14. In the U.S., where the authority of traditional media institutions has been   on   the  wane since the rise of the cable news era,   turning to   the Federal Communications  Commission for    regulation   may not prove   effectively  . However, Facebook is a  global company, and other countries, such as Germany, are becoming   concerned  about the potential for Facebook to influence their own political process.(A)on(B)turning to(C)regulation(D)effectively
(E)concerned

15. Whenever Hou Hsiao-hsien's   distinctive   film style is discussed, critics highlight  his use of a static camera,   long takes and empty shots  . Such a distinctive style   may  develop partly from   financial constraints and the subpar performance of non-  professional actors, but   it may also have   been Hou's   intention to countering   the  formula of classical Hollywood editing and distinguish himself as an art-house film director.

(A)is discussed(B)long takes and empty shots(C)may  develop partly from(D)it may also have been(E)intention to countering

16. Today our   supposedly  revolutionary advancements   in artificial intelligence are  indeed cause for   both concern and optimism  . Optimism because intelligence    is the means by which   we solve problems. Concern because   we fear of   the most  popular and fashionable strain of A.I. - machine learning - will degrade our  science and debase our ethics   by incorporating into   our technology a  fundamentally flawed conception of language and knowledge.

(A)supposedly revolutionary advancements(B)both concern and optimism(C)is the means by which(D)we fear of(E)by incorporating into

17.   Appeared   in the assembly chamber in New York    for the first time   in person  , the   Ukrainian president   used the opportunity to try to   galvanise support for his  country's plight among many countries, especially in the global south. Many of them have sought to sit on the fence   in the face of   the full-scale Russian invasion. 

(A)Appeared(B)for the first time (C)in person(D)used the opportunity to(E)in the face of

18. John, together with his two sons,   are going to  throw a surprise party for his  wife.   Many of   John's friends   have already known   about it and made great  efforts to keep their mouths   shut  . Nevertheless, they also wonder whether this is  a good idea, since neither John nor his sons   have   ever pulled off a party before. 

(A)are going to(B)Many of(C)have already known(D)shut(E)have

19. Since the Paris Agreement was signed in 2015, there   has been   a wave of  corporate commitments to reduce emissions. But the increase in enthusiasm   for    climate responsibility   has been   matched by a rise in concerns that some  companies are using advertising and public messaging, with buzzwords such as "carbon neutrality" and "net zero," to try to appear   more sustainable   than they  actually are. This is   referred   by some as "greenwashing." 

(A)has been(B)for(C)has been(D)more sustainable(E)referred

20. Dozens of studies on Long COVID have been published in recent months,   many of which   can be broadly sorted into two camps. One group explores what  goes wrong in the body to cause Long COVID   symptom  ,   while   the other seeks  to identify   which individuals   are   at greatest risk   for developing the condition.  

(A)many of which(B)symptom(C)while(D)which individuals(E)at greatest risk

21. Which of the following statements about memes is most likely TRUE according to the author? (A) A recent study shows that the Belarusian youth tend to share memes with older generation. (B) The coded nature of memes makes them the lingua franca of Internet communication. (C) As long as parents surf the Internet frequently enough, they can easily understand youngsters' "local" memes for in-group sharing. (D) Code-switching is essential for memes to be universally undersood. (E) Memes are a complex vernacular with limited universality

22. Which of the following words is NOT synonymous with the word "savvy" in the first sentence? (A) Astute. (B) Canny. (C) Obtuse. (D) Conversant. (E) Well-versed.

23. Which of the following statements is most likely TRUE according to the author? (A) One can readily make sense of a meme as long as s/he is digitally savvy. (B)Memes could become obsolete. (C) The more highly coded a meme, the more it speaks to under-represented groups. (D)The more niche a meme is, the more likely it becomes a lingua franca. (E)Memes are intelligible to netizens regardless of their cultural backgrounds.

24. Based on the passage, what can be inferred from the coded nature of memes? (A) The meaning of memes derives from their exploitation in context. (B) Memes always have fixed meaning. (C) Memes belong only to a specific online group or community. (D) Memes are not culturally mediated. (E) Digital literacy is by no means a prerequisite for decoding memes.

25. Which of the following is closest in meaning to "ostracize" in the third paragraph? (A) Shun. (B) Extol. (C) Approve. (D) Esteem. (E) Approbate. 

26. Which of the following best describes the author's attitude toward "the shock doctrine"? (A) Nonchalant. (B) Enthusiastic. (C) Critical. (D) Insolent. (E) Condescending

27. What does "modus operandi" in boldface in the last paragraph signify? (A) A worldview. (B) An entire body of values. (C) A mode of thinking. (D) A moderate way of doing something. (E) A habitual way of doing something.

28. Based on the passage, which of the following statements would define "the shock doctrine" most sufficiently? (A) Using moments of collective trauma to engage in radical social and/or economic engineering. (B) Using armies to drive free market capitalism. (C) Provoking a kind of hurricane in the mind. (D) A shocking man-made or natural disaster helps unify a society. (E) A society needs shock to reconstruct what a disaster has demolished.

29. Following the author's logic, which of the following would NOT be considered an example of shock doctrine? (A) The disorder and nationalist excitement resulting from the Falklands War in 1982 enabled Margaret Thatcher to use forceful measures to suppress the striking British miners and initiate the first privatization frenzy in a Western democracy. (B) The events surrounding the Tiananmen Square massacre in China in 1989 created a situation in which the Communist Party was able to implement policies that transformed much of the country into an export zone, with workers who were often too afraid to demand their rights. (C) The Bush administration used the aftermath of the September 11 attacks in 2001 to wage a war against Iraq and establish a corporate security complex at home that transformed the United States into a more privatized and security- focused society. (D) After the 2004 tsunami, the Sri Lankan government implemented policies that allowed foreign investors to build large resorts along the coastline, which displaced fishing communities who were unable to rebuild their villages near the water. (E) Vladimir Putin invoked the Soviet Union's victory over fascism in World War II to justify Russia's invasion of Ukraine in 2022 as an act to 'denazify' and liberate the country from what he claimed were neo-Nazi elements.

30. What does "them" in boldface in the first paragraph refer to? (A) "Most people." (B) "Disaster capitalists." (C) "Iraq, Sri Lanka, and New Orleans." (D) "The public sphere and rooted communities." (E) "The places that formed them." 

31. Here are three statements concerning the problem of overpopulation: I In the 1960s and 1970s, projections of a future of food shortages due to the explosion of population were common in the cultural imagination. II Out of the fear of overpopulation, widespread sterilization campaigns in India in the 1970s and 1980s were well accepted as an effective method of containing population growth. III Novelist John Brunner believed that population explosion would not happen until tomorrow. Based on the passage, (A) Only I is true (B) Both I and II are true (C) Both I and III are true (D) All of the three statements are true (E) None of the three statements are true

32. Based on the passage, which of the following statements is NOT correct? (A) According to the UN projections, the world population will continue to grow and reach 9.1 billion in 2050. (B) The political debates over the cause of starvation were no longer as vehement in the 1990s as they were in the 1970s and 1980s (C) The event that the number of world population in October 1999 doubled that of1960 conjured up the images of mass starvation and nightmarishly overcrowded spaces. (D) For countries still affected by continued population growth, one of the challenges they have to face is providing medical care to an ever-increasing number of people. (E) The number of the world population in 1930 doubled that of 1850.

33. Which of the following most closely captures what the author means by saying "the future will be a divided one" in the third paragraph? (A) Whereas a number of countries will be industrialized, other countries will not. (B) Whereas a number of industrialized countries will be able to deal with the problem of shrinking populations, other countries will be significantly affected by the labor shortage. (C) Whereas a number of industrialized countries will face shrinking populations, other countries will be affected by continued population growth with the attendant challenges of providing education, jobs, and medical care to an ever- increasing number of people. (D) Whereas a number of countries will be significantly affected by staggering social inequalities, other countries will suffer from overall scarcity. (E) Whereas in the developing world, environmental devastation will be caused principally by rampant population growth, in the developed world, it will be caused by rampant increases in consumption.

34. According to the author, demographers and environmentalists in the 1960s and1970s believed that (A) annual percentage increases in populations were low. (B) the accelerating increase of Earth's human population might cause unprecedented damage to the environment. (C) the governments and international institutions should not take resolute measures to limit further increase in the growth rates. (D) quite a few countries were prepared to double their food and energy supplies, housing, and educational and medical facilities. (E) the projections of mass starvation and immiseration were deceptive.

35. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word "galvanized" in the first sentence of the passage? (A) frightened (B) participated (C) gathered (D) prompted (E) grounded 

36. Based on the passage, which of the following is NOT correct? (A) In the first phase of this experiment, the car abandoned in the neighborhood in Palo Alto was not vandalized. (B) Palo Alto, one of the locations where Zimbardo conducted this experiment, is near Stanford University (C) For Zimbardo, the result of the experiment indicated evident lack of feeling of community and reciprocity in the neighborhood in Palo Alto. (D) In a second phase of the experiment, acts of vandalism were observed in Palo Alto when the windshields of the abandoned cars were broken. (E) Zimbardo suggests that the residents in Bronx did not think they were obliged to watch over the streets as a part of the shared space of a community.

37. Zimbardo's experiment was highly regarded by James Wilson and George Kelling because they believed (A)it showed the advantage of living near a university (B) it proved that feelings of community and reciprocity varied in different neighborhoods (C) it confirmed that the hallways of Pruitt-Igoe had apparently belonged to nobody (D)it demonstrated that acts of theft and vandalism were ubiquitous (E) it corroborated the idea that evident lack in caring about the surrounding environment fosters crime

38. Here are three statements about the "broken windows theory":

I. It's a theory describing the origins of urban crime

II. It argued that the physical signs of disorder in a location would very likely invite criminal activities 

III. For James Wilson and George Kelling, it's the cornerstone of a major new theory describing the origins of urban crime. Based on the passage, (A) Both I and II are correct. (B) Both II and III are correct. (C) Both I and III are correct. (D) All of the three are correct. (E) Only I is correct.

39. Which of the following best catches the meaning of "corollary" in the last sentence of the passage? (A) A proposition that follows directly (B) A process of disagreeing (C) An act of cooperating (D) A problem (E) A risk

40. Based on the passage, which of the following efforts would most likely be considered by the author as following the broken windows theory's prescription for crime reduction? (A) To cut fundings for removing graffiti in Bronx (B) To remove license plates from the cars in Al Palo. (C) To install windows with views of nature for hospital patients in the city (D) To keep the subway system in New York City nice and clean (E) To reduce fares for public transits in Al Palo 

41 From the standpoint of the school district in the passage, how does reading excerpts from Shakespeare's plays better reflect its alignment with the new state laws? (A) Excerpts are more straightforward and filled with less ironies. (B) Students read excerpts so that they will be able to enjoy the poetry better. (C) Excerpts tend to take out the details so that historical accuracy is no longer the focus. (D) Excerpts are short extracts from the original, and they don't have to deal with the specifics on gender politics. (E) Activists on gender equality fail to see the merit of reading excerpts of great literary works.

42 What do "suggestive puns and innuendo" refer to in this context? (A) Traumatic childhood memories (B) Good social manners (C) Allusions to sex (D) Addiction to alcohol (E) Acquisition of properties

43. Based on the passage, which of the following can be an example of the violation of the new state laws? (A) The teacher makes reference to the magical world of Hogwarts in class. (B) The teacher teaches how to recognize disinformation in class. (C) The teacher mentions the religious doctrines in class. (D) The teacher fails to discuss political economy in class. (E) The teacher explains gender diversity in class.

44. In response to the new state laws mentioned in the passage, the school district of the Tampa area (A) filed law suits against the author of the book "And Tango Makes Three" (B) assured the public that students will still be reading the excerpts of Shakespeare's plays (C) reaffirmed the importance of gender diversity (D) proclaimed the importance of "Romeo and Juliet" (E) suppressed the teachers' union in Florida

45. Following a Florida Department of Education memo, mentioned in the last paragraph, the school district in Lake County (A) restricted access to "And Tango Makes Three." (B) decided that "And Tango Makes Three" could still be read in the school library. (C) filed a motion against Florida's "Don't Say Gay" Laws. (D) proclaimed that no one wanted to read "And Tango Makes Three." (E) left the decision to publish "And Tango Makes Three" to the federal government. 

46. Based on the passage, the registration of births (A) began with the rise of capitalism. (B) was taken up by parish churches when the Registrar General's office was founded in 1837. (C) was institutionalized when the patriarchal family was no longer the norm. (D) serves effectively to attest to a person's political identity in our age. (E) became compulsory in England in 1876.

47. Which of the following best captures the point which the author aims to make by the example of Mary Jones? (A) The percentage of American babies born to never-married mothers has increased spectacularly. (B) Passport forgeries are much more than forgeries of birth certificates (C) In our age, the birth certificate as an official document of personal identity is not as valuable as it was in the 19th century (D) Female suffrage has caused the high percentage of divorces (E) The intranational and international nomadism of modern life has resulted in the disintegration of the family

48. According to the author, during the time when the births were locally and ecclesiastically recorded in parish churches, (A) the registration of births was taken as a symbolic replacement of the practice of baptism. (B) the church maintained corporeal relationship with the local government by sharing the record of births. (C) baptisms were about to take place shortly after the registration of births. (D) the birth certificates, along with the passports, were documents for the infant's inclusion in or exclusion from citizenship. (E) the practice of baptism was not common.

49. Based on the passage, which of the following claims about the passport is NOT correct? (A) The passport was a product of an industrial age (B) The passport was born in the nationalist nineteenth century (C) The passport, along with the birth certificate, was institutionalized in an era when female suffrage was commonly taken for granted (D) Forging passports is profitable in our age (E) The passport may, with high credibility, attest to a person's nationality

50. Here are three statements with regard to the nineteenth-century England:

I. The nineteenth-century England held a dominant position in industry

II. The nineteenth-century England was increasingly assuming a national colouring

III. Women had the right to vote in the nineteenth-century England Based on the passage, (A) Only I is correct. (B) Both II and III are correct. (C) Only III is correct. (D) Both I and II are correct. (E) All of the three statements are correct.