20. According to the second law of thermodynamics, which is the correct expression for the spontaneous reaction?
(A) ＞ 0
(B) ＞ 0
(C) /T ＞ 0
(D) + P·ΔV
(E)

21. Which is the correct statement for a substance when the temperature increases? (A) The entropy of a substance always increases when the temperature increases. (B) The entropy of a substance always decreases when the temperature increases. (C) The free energy of the formation of a substance always increases when the temperature increases. (D) The free energy of the formation of a substance always decreases when the temperature increases. (E) None of the above is correct.

22. What is the correct description for the role of the light in the photosynthesis reaction from the point of view of thermodynamics? (A) The light provides the heat required by the photosynthesis reaction. (B) Without the light, the photosynthesis reaction is nonspontaneous. The light provides the enthalpy which make the reaction spontaneous. (C) The light provides the enthalpy which causes the photosynthesis reaction to release the heat. (D) Without the light, the photosynthesis reaction is nonspontaneous. The light provides the free energy which makes the reaction spontaneous. (E) None of the above is correct.

23. The reaction 2 Cu(s) + CO2(g) → 2 CuO(s) + C(s) is not spontaneous at all temperatures. Predict the sign of the reaction enthalpy and entropy, respectively. (A) + and + (B) − and − (C) + and − (D) − and + (E) There is not enough information

24. The system contains 1.50 mole N2 at 298 K and 1 atm, and is initially at equilibrium. Calculate the change in internal energy when 2.50 kJ of energy is transferred as heat to the system at constant pressure. Assume that N2 behaves as an ideal gas and its heat capacity is mainly contributed by translational and rotational motion but none of vibrational ones. (A) +1.50 kJ (B) +1.79 kJ (C) +1.89 kJ (D) +2.50 kJ (E) None of the above is correct.

25. For the reaction CO2(aq) → CO2(g),  at 298 K. At constant pressure and temperature, which of the following statements is true? (A) (B) (C)¹ (D)(E) None of the above is correct. 

26. The vapor pressure of a binary liquid mixture that is composed of hydrazine (b.p. 114 °C) and water (b.p. 100.0 °C) exhibits a negative deviation from Raoult's law. Then we know that (A) the mixture on fractional distillation yields a low-boiling azeotrope. (B) the mixture on fractional distillation yields a high-boiling azeotrope. (C) the boiling point of the mixture is always between 100 and 114 °C. (D) the boiling point of the mixture may be higher than 114 °C. (E) the boiling point of the mixture may be lower than 100 °C

27. The Kjeldahl digestion is a method for the quantitative determination of nitrogen contained in organic samples. Firstly the sample is oxidized by concentrated sulfuric acid at high temperature, and then the N-containing products are separated from other products and quantized. Which of the following sets of substances are produced in the oxidation reaction? (A) CO2, H2O, N2 (B) CO2, H2O, (C) C, H2O, HNO3 (D) CxHy, H2O, CO2, HNO3 (E) CxHy, H2O, CO2, HCN

28. For the oxides CrO, Cr2O3, and CrO3, which of the following is true? (A) CrO is acidic, and Cr2O3 and CrO3 are basic. (B) CrO and Cr2O3 are acidic and CrO3 is basic. (C) CrO is basic, Cr2O3 is amphoteric, and CrO3 is acidic. (D) All the oxides are acidic. (E) All the oxides are basic.

29. Given that :  Which of the amino acids has the lowest isoelectric point? (A) glutamic acid (B) glycine (C) lysine (D) serine (E) threonine 

30. According to the crystal field theory, is  a low-spin or high-spin complex cation? How many unpaired d-electrons are expected for it? (A) low-spin, 0 unpaired electron (B) low-spin, 1 unpaired electron (C) low-spin, 3 unpaired electrons (D) high-spin, 3 unpaired electrons (E) high-spin, 5 unpaired electrons

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