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(A)speech accommodation

In linguistics, accommodation is the process by which participants in a conversation adjust their accent, diction, or other aspects of language according to the speech style of the other participant. Also called linguistic accommodation, speech accommodation, and communication accommodation.

(C) Language shifting

Language shift, also known as language transfer or language replacement or language assimilation, is the process whereby a community of speakers of a language shifts to speaking a completely different language, usually over an extended per...

(A)speech accommodation

In linguistics, accommodation is the process by which participants in a conversation adjust their accent, diction, or other aspects of language according to the speech style of the other participant. Also called linguistic accommodation, speech accommodation, and communication accommodation.

(C) Language shifting

Language shift, also known as language transfer or language replacement or language assimilation, is the process whereby a community of speakers of a language shifts to speaking a completely different language, usually over an extended period of time.

Speech accommodation theory was proposed by Howard Giles, a British language Psycholinguist, in the early 1970s. The theory aims to provide explanation why bilingual speakers accommodate, i.e. change the manner in which they communicate in face-to-face interactions. The general assumption of speech accommodation theory is that efforts to adjust linguistic characteristics of an interlocutor (e.g. code-choice, pronunciation, pacing, and etc), which is known as convergence, “may plausibly be considered a reflection of an individual’s desire for social approval” (Giles and Coupland 1991). 

Code-switching

A change by a speaker from one languagenor language variety to another one. It can take place in a conversation whennone speaker use one language and the other speaker answers in a differentnlanguage. 

Language shift, also known as language transfer or language replacement or language assimilation, is the process whereby a speech community of a language shifts to speaking another language. Often, languages that are perceived to be higher status stabilize or spread at the expense of other languages that are perceived by their own speakers to be lower-status.

Cooperative principle was introduced by philosopher H. Paul Grice in his article "Logic and Conversation" (Syntaxnand Semantics, 1975).

It describes how effective communication in conversation is achieved in common social situations,that is, how listeners and speakers must act cooperatively and mutually accept one another to be understood in a particular way. 

The cooperative principle can be divided into four maxims, called the Gricean maxims: 1) maxim of quality 2) maxim of quantity 3) maxim of relation 4) maxim of manner.