21. The binding change mechanism of ATP synthesis predicts that each 360-degree rotation of the γ subunit can generate how many ATP molecules?
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
(E) 5

17. Regarding to prion hypothesis, what kind of abnormal protein structures in misfolded prion protein molecules commonly lead to large protein aggregation? (A) α-helix (B) β-sheet (C) type II β turn (D) loops (E) triple helix

18. As a coenzyme, thiamin pyrophosphate can ______. (A) convert glucose to glucuronic acid (B) convert pyruvate to oxaloacetate (C) participate the transamination (D) convert homocysteine to methionine (E) participate the decarboxylation of α-keto acids

19. Which of the following biological molecules is NOT derived from tyrosine? (A) melanin (B) serotonin (C) dopamine (D) epinephrine (E) norepinephrine

20. Which amino acid residue must be tagged on by covalent linkage of ubiquitin when proteins are targeted for proteasomal degradation? (A) arginine (B) lysine (C) histidine (D) methionine (E) cysteine

22. What is the net charge of the following peptide at pH 7.0?Tyr-Glu-Ser-Arg-Met-Thr-Asp-Asn-Tyr-His (A) +2 (B) +1 (C) 0 (D) -1 (E) -2

23. Which of the following molecules can generate the highest yield of ATP in the process from glycolysis to lactate? (A) sucrose (B) fructose (C) glucose 6-phosphate (D) dihydroxyacetone phosphate (E) glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

24. Which method is used to predict the amino acid sequence of tryptic fragments by bioinformatic approaches? (A) sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (B) Edman degradation (C) tandem mass spectrometry (D) two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (E) gel-filtration chromatography

25. Which step of the mitochondrial electron transport chain does rotenone inhibit? (A) NADH → coenzyme Q (B) Cyt b → Cyt c1 (C) Cyt c1 → Cyt c (D) Cyt c → Cyt (a+a3) (E) Cyt c → O2

26. Regarding the chemiosmotic theory of the respiratory chain, which statement is TRUE? (A) Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the outer mitochondrial membrane. (B) The proton (H+ ) concentration is the same on both sides of the inner mitochondrial membrane. (C) ATP synthase plays no role in the chemiosmotic theory. (D) Mitochondrial inner memebrane is permeable for proton. (E) ATP synthesis is related to proton-motive force.

27. Which of the following sets of amino acids are directly involved in the biosynthesis of creatine? (A) tyrosine, glycine, and glutamine (B) glutamate, cysteine, and glycine (C) glycine, arginine, and methionine (D) aspartate, glycine, and cysteine (E) proline, alanine, and leucine