21. Which post-translational modification is usually associated with protein degradation?
(A) ubiquitination
(B) SUMOylation
(C) phosphorylation
(D)glycosylation
(E) lipidation

1. One organism contains 31% adenosine in genome. Which statement is correct? (A) it should have 31% cytomidine (B) it should have 31% guanine (C) it should have 24% thymidine (D) it should have 24% guanine (E) None of them is correct

2. Which of statements is INCORRECT for the comparisons of euchromatin and heterochromatin? (A) euchromatin is more open than heterochromatin in term of its structure (B) heterochromatin is easier to be accessed by transcription factors (C) DNAs and histones in heterochromatin all can be modified by methylation (D) heterochromatin is not modified by acetylation (E) euchromatin and heterochromatin are regulated by histone modifications

3. Which organelle is engaged in lipid oxidation? (A) mitochondria (B) endoplasmic reticulum (C) golgi (D) Iysosome (E) peroxisome

4. Which statement is correct for gene expression in prokaryotic organisms? (A) mRNA is transported from nucleus to cytosol (B) mRNA is subject to splicing for removing intron (C) transcription occurs on the linear chromosome (D) nascent mRNA is simultaneously bound by RNA polymerase and ribosomes (E) most gene regulations happen at epigenetic, post-translational and post-translational levels

5. Which of the description of microRNAs (miRNAs) is INCORRECT ? (A) silence gene expression (B) lead to RNA degradation (C) reduce protein production (D) interact with proteins (E) encode proteins

6. Which statement of transposon is INCORRECT? (A) double-stranded DNA intermediate is integrated into the target site (B) repeated sequence is common in transposon (C) RNA has no role in transposon (D) it is used for random mutagenesis (E) transposons are present in prokaryotes and eukaryotes

7. Which of the following restriction enzymes is likely to produce a blunt end? (* marks the cutting site) (A) Smal (CCC*GG) (B) Xmal (C*CCGGG) (C) Kpnl (GGTAC*C) (D) Sacil(CCGC*GG) (E) Fsel (GGCCGG*CC)

8. Protein sequence is the LEAST likely to be used to: (A) predict mRNA sequence (B) predict DNA binding sites (C) predict post-translationai modification sites (D) predict secondary structures (E) predict subcellular localization

9. Which of the statement is INCORRECT for GTPase? (A) GTP-bound as the "on" state (B) GDP-bound as the "off" state (C) GTPase activating proteins switch GTPases from "off" to "on" state (D) guanine nucleotide-exchange factor release GDP from GTPases (E) Two major classes of GTPases: trimeric and monomeric G proteins

10. Sandy wants to amplify a DNA sequence by Poiymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), What is NOT essential for this experiment? (A)l primers (B) oligo dT (C) dNTP (D) DNA polymerase (E) buffer

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