22. Ribosome biogenesis is the process of making ribosomes, it take place in the______.

(A) Nucleoplasm.

(B) Nucleolus.

(C) Cytoplasm.

(D) None of the above.

23. The lac operon is a common regulatory unit in prokaryotes. Which description is NOT correct?(A) When glucose is present, the lac operon is turned off.(B) When lactose is absent, the lac operon is turned off.(C) When lactose is present, the lac operon is turned on.(D) IPTG induces the lac operon by binding to the promoter.

24. Gene expression can be controlled at post-transcriptional levels. Which description is NOT correct?(A) The 5' capping protects the mRNA from degradation by exonuclease.(B) The mRNA splicing occurs only when transcription is fully completed.(C) The 3' polyadenylation has effects on mRNA stability.(D) RNA interference functions in the cytoplasm.

25. Select the correct statement about enhancers.(A) They are proteins that promote transcription of RNA.(B) They stimulate the binding of repressor to DNA.(C) They bind protein factors and stimulate transcription.(D) They are nonpromoter protein elements.

26. Which of the following techniques is most useful in determining if RNA polymerase has initiated transcription from the lac DNA template? (A) Southern analysis (B) DNA fingerprinting (C) run-off transcription assay (D) DNA sequencing

27. Which of the following is NOT present in the core RNA polymerase?(A)β(B) β'(C) σ(D) None of the above.

28. Which of the following approaches would you use to loosen the interaction of the histones with DNA in an extract that you have prepared? (A) methylate the DNA (B) methylate the histone (C) acetylate the histones (D) phosphorylate the histones

29. One method used by researchers to demonstrate the existence of nucleosome free DNA regions is ________.(A) RNA Polymerase Run-off experiments. (B) Nuclear Run on experiments. (C) Reporter gene experiments. (D) DNase hypersensitivity experiments.

30. You need to design PCR primers to amplify following gene, what will your PCR primers look like?5'ATCGACCTAGATCGCAGCTCGTAGTCGATGTCA........GCTAGCTGTGCTAGCTGATGCTAAATCGATCGAT-3'(A) Forward: 5'-ATCGACCTAGATCGCAGC-3' Reverse: 5'-GATGCTAAATCGATCGAT-3'(B) Forward: 5'-ATCGACCTAGATCGCAGC-3' Reverse: 5'-ATCGATCGATTTAGCATGA-3'(C) Forward: 5'-GCTGCGATCTAGGTCGAT-3' Reverse: 5'-GATGCTAAATCGATCGAT-3'(D) Forward: 5'-GCTGCGATCTAGGTCGAT-3' Reverse: 5'-ATCGATCGATTTAGCATGA-3

31. Which of the following is NOT true ? (A) The coding sequence (CDS) is the actual region of DNA that is translated to form proteins. (B) An open reading frame (ORF) is the DNA sequence between translation start codon and stop codon. (C) In eukaryotic cell, the ORF may longer than CDS because ORF may contain introns as well. (D) There are three possible ways of translating nucleotide sequence into amino acid sequence according to the genetic code. These are called reading frames.

32. Which of the following is NOT true? (A) Because DNA polymerases polymerize DNA only in the 5'-to-3' direction, synthesis of the lagging strand at a replication fork must occur discontinuously through a backstitching mechanism that produces short DNA fragments. (B) When the replication fork reaches an end of a linear chromosome: there is no place to produce the RNA primer needed to start the last Okazaki fragment at the very tip of a linear DNA molecule. (C) In human, telomeres consist of many tandem repeats of a short sequence that contains a block of GGGTTA, extending for about 10,000 nucleotides. (D) The telomerase synthesizes a new copy of the repeat, using a loop-back protruding single-stranded DNA template from another strand.

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