23. The uptake of naked DNA from the environment is called _________.
(A) transformation
(B) transduction
(C) transfection
(D) translocation
(E) conjugation

複選題24. Regarding molecular cloning using restriction cnzyme and ligase. Which of the following statement is correct? (A) Blunt end is clean and thus easier to be ligated. (B) Two sticky ends with complementary overhangs can be perfectly ligated and a restriction enzyme recognition site must be restored. (C) Restriction enzyme more efficiently cuts at the ends of DNA fragments. (D) Phosphatase treatment of both digested vector and digested insert reduces self- ligation so that correct ligation is enhanced. (E) Ligase also mediates joining of sticky ends by catalyzing the formation of phosphodiester bonds.

25. DNase I protection assays or DNA footprinting is useful for___________. (A) determining the start of transcription (B) preventing contamination of RNA in primer extension samples (C) determining the location of a DNA binding sequence (D) monitoring gene expression (E) determining DNA-protein interactions

26. A single nucleotide deletion occurred in a gene. The change is indicated below. What is the consequence of the mutation? (A) The mutation occurs in the third position of a codon which results in a silent mutation due to the Wobble effect. (B) It results in premature termination of translation so a truncated polypeptide will be produced. (C) A longer polypeptide will be made but the protein might still be functional. (D) It leads to frameshift so the downstream amino acid sequence will alter and the protein is unlikely to be functional. (E) It changes the single amino acid, which may or may not cause a problem.

27. Alu is the most abundant transposon in human body. Which of the following statement is correct? (A) It is a replicative DNA transposon. (B) It contains LTRs (C) It contains a poly-A tail (D) It contains a reverse transcriptase gene (E) It is autonomous for transposition

28. When doing PCR to amplify a DNA fragment using mouse genomic DNA as the template, which of the following primer pair is the best choice? Forward primers: i. ACGTCTGCCAGGCTG, 15bp, GC content=67%, Tm=57℃ ii. AGCTTGGGTTAATGCCAGGC, 20bp, GC content-55%, Tm=60℃ iii. AGCCCCATTGCTATAAGGGGAG, 22bp, GC content=55%, Tm=59℃Reverse primers: x. CCGTGCCAGGCAGACACGATATAA, 24bp, GC content=54%,Tm=61℃ y.AAGGCGTCAAAGTCTAAAGCG, 21bp, GC content=48%, Tm=59℃ (A) iand x (B) ii and x (C) ii and y (D) iii and x (E) jii and y

29. The Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence is a ribosomal binding site in bacteria, generally contain consensus sequences as (A) 5'-UCCUCC-3' (B) 5'-AGGAGG-3' (C) 5'-UAAUAA-3' (D) 5'-GCCACC-3' (E) 5'-ACCACC-3'

30. Which of the following statement is NOT true for protein splicing? (A) ' Intein is the internal segment removed from the precursor protein (B)The splicing junction of the precursor protein is mainly a cysteine or a serine (C) Protein splicing is sometimes associated with pre-mRNA splicing (D) The protein splicing reactions do not require exogenous cofactors (E) The protein splicing reaction require energy sources such as ATP

31. Which of the strategy is NOT used by viral genome replication with linear DNA genome? (A) Rolling circle replication (B) Concatemerization (C) Create a palindromic or hairpin loop structure at the end of genome (D) Pairing with host telomere repeat sequences (E) Express a specific terminal protein to serve as a primer

32. General stability of messenger RNA molecules is NOT improved by (A) Adding AG-rich elements in the sequence (B) Extending the poly-A tail sequences (C) Use of stable mRNA cap structure (D) Use of modified nucleoside such as pseudo-uridine (E) Addition of mRNA stabilizing agents such as actinomycin D

33. South-Western blotting is an approach used for (A) Detect a specific DNA by a DNA probe (B) Detect a specific RNA by a DNA probe (C) Detect a specific protein by an antibody (D) Detect a specific DNA by an antibody (E) Detect a specific protein by a DNA probe

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