24. You want to engineer a eukaryotic gene into a bacterial colony and have it expressed. What must be included in addition to the coding exons of the gene?
(A) eukaryotic polymerases
(B) a bacterial promoter sequence
(C) a eukaryotic promoter sequence
(D) bacterial ligases

20. Which of the following events is most immediately associated with the absorption of energy by chlorophyll molecules of the reaction-center complex? (A) ATP is synthesized from the energy absorbed. (B) A molecule of water is split. (C) An electron is excited. (D) NADP+ is reduced to NADPH.

21. The genetic code is essentially the same for all organisms. From this, one can logically assume which of the following? (A) A gene from an organism can theoretically be expressed by any other organism. (B) AII organisms have experienced convergent evolution. (C) DNA was the first genetic material. (D) The same codons in different organisms translate into different amino acids.

22. E. coli cells grown on 15N medium are transferred to 14N medium and allowed to grow for two more generations (two rounds of DNA replication). DNA extracted from these cells is centrifuged. What density distribution of DNA would you expect in this experiment? (A) one high-density and one low-density band (B) one intermediate-density band (C) one intermediate-density and one low-density band (D) one low-density band

23. Put the following steps of DNA replication in the proper order. 1. Single-stranded binding proteins attach to DNA strands. 2. Hydrogen bonds between base pairs of antiparallel strands are broken. 3. Primase binds to the site of origin. 4. DNA polymerase binds to the template strand. 5. An RNA primer is created.(A)2, 3, 5,1,4 (B)2,1,3,5,4 (C)3, 2, 1,5,4 (D)3, 1,2, 5,4

25. In a species that alternates between sexual and asexual reproduction, under which of the following conditions is sexual reproduction more likely to occur than is asexual reproduction? (A) when food is abundant (B) when conditions for survival are unfavorable (C) when a male and female mate for the first time (D) when finding a mate becomes more difficult

26. Injury to the hypothalamus would most likely disrupt _________ . (A) regulation of food appetite (B) speech (C) long-term memory (D) sorting of sensory information

27. When fat enters tiie duodenum, it stimulates release of _________ . (A) secretin (B) cholecystokinin (C) gastrin (D) ghrelin

3. Which of the following reactions differs from the others in terms of the cellular mechanism? (Select the best answer from the choices given, and explain your answer.) (A) Fast block to polyspermy (B) Acrosomal reaction (C) Cortical reaction (D) Release of neurotransmitters from axonal terminals

4. When a healthy young man stands up abruptly after lying down, the veins in the lower itmbs become distended and accumulate blood. Which of the following statements about the physiological conditions of the man is true? (Select the best answer from the choices given, and explain your answer.) (A) The capillary filtration in his leg will increase. (B) His stroke volume wiH increase (C) His heart rate will decrease. (D) Afferent activities of arterial baroreceptors will increase.

5. In vertebrates, the binding of acetylcholine to the ligand-gated ion channels of a skeletal muscle, which are peimeable to both Na+ and K+ ions, will cause _____ at the motor endplate of the muscle cell. (Select the best answer from the choices given, and explain your answer.) (A) repolarization only (B) no change in membrane potential (C) depolarization only (D) hyperpolarization only