25. Which of the following statements concerning X-ray radiation is INCORRECT?
(A) X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) determines the chemical states of elements.
(B) X-ray diffraction (XRD) is based on the constructive interference of monochromatic X-rays.
(C) Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) is extremely surface sensitive, typically probing the top 1-3 nm of a material.
(D) Chemical shifts observed in XPS spectra arise primarily from differences in lattice spacing and long-range crystal order.
(E) In the Auger effect, an electron fills an inner-shell vacancy and the released energy ejects a second electron.