27. What is the key enzyme complex which activity is blocked by the G2/M DNA damage repair mechanism before mitotic entry?
(A) Cyclin A/Cdk2
(B) Cyclin D/Cdk6
(C) Cyclin A/Cdk1
(D) Cyclin B/Cdk1
(E) Cyclin D/Cdk4

23. Which of the following approach is NOT generally used to reduce or diminish a specific target gene expression in the cell? (A) small interference RNA (siRNA) (B) CRISPR/Cas9 (C) MicroRNA (D) Small hairpin RNA (shRNA) (E) Long non-coding RNA (IncRNA)

24. Which of the following epigenetic modification is NOT maintained in daughter cells after cell division? (A) DNA methylation (B) DNA phosphorylation (C) Histone methylation (D) Histone acetylation (E) Histone phosphorylation

25. Which of the following enzyme is essential for the replication of a virus with a minus-strand RNA genome? (A) DNA-dependent DNA polymerase (B) RNA-dependent DNA polymerase (C) DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (D) RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (E) Reverse transcriptase

26. Which of the following approach does NOT discriminate the Omicron variant from the wild type SARS-CoV-2 in nasal swabs? (A) Next generation sequencing (B) RT-PCR using variant-specific primer sets (C) Neutralizing antibody detection (D) Viral antigen detection (E) Hybridization gene chip

28. Which of the following technology can be used for genome editing? (A) CRISPR/Cas9 (B) Transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALEN) (C) Zinc Finger Nuclease (ZFN) (D) Editing by Nucleobase Modification (BASE editing) (E) All of the above

29. Small ribosome subunits scan for initiation sites on eukaryotic mRNA. Which of the following descriptions is not correct? (A) Cap binding complex contains eIF4G. (B) Cap binding complex contains eIF4A. (C) Cap binding complex contains eIF5. (D) 43S pre-initiation complex contains eIF1. (E) 43S pre-initiation complex contains eIF2.

30. Initiation Factor eIF2. Which of the following descriptions is not correct? (A) eIF2 unwinds secondary structure of mRNA. (B) eIF2 is a heterotrimeric protein. (C) eIF2 is active when bound to GTP. (D) eIF2 binds to Met-tRNAi. (E) eIF2B is the GDP exchange factor for eIF2.

31. Bacteriophages. Which of the following descriptions is not correct? (A) Bacteriophages specifically infect bacteria. (B) Their genetic material is surrounded by a protein capsid. (C) This is connected to the elongated sheath by a collar region. (D) The sheath forms a hollow tube through which the viral proteins are injected into the host. (E) At the bottom is the base plate.

32. Spliceosome Assembly. Which of the following descriptions is not correct? (A) The commitment complex is the E complex. (B) The E complex contains U1 snRNP bound at the 5' splice site. (C) The E complex contains the protein U2AF bound to a pyrimidine tract. (D) U2AF is a heterodimer consisting of the U2AF65 and U2AF35. (E) The E complex progresses to the A complex in the presence of ATP.

33. Iron-response element (IRE). Which of the following descriptions is not correct? (A) IRE consists of multiple stem-loop structures. (B) The affinity of the IRE-binding protein for the IRE is altered by ion binding. (C) The IRE-binding protein exhibits low affinity when its iron-binding site is full. (D) The IRE-binding protein exhibits high affinity when its iron-binding site is not full. (E) The IRE-binding protein destabilizes the mRNA.