28. The earthquake, which struck the region late at night with a magnitude of 7.2, caused __________ damage to the city’s infrastructure.
(A) trivial
(B) negligible
(C) extensive
(D) minor

29. Since the evidence was purely __________, the judge ruled that more concrete proof was needed for a conviction. (A) conclusive (B) substantial (C) meticulous (D) circumstantial

30. The legal advisor warned that the new policy might __________ on individual privacy rights if implemented without modification. (A) rectify (B) reconcile (C) infringe (D) elaborate

31. A teacher first models how to complete a task and then guides students through the task step by step. Later, the teacher gradually reduces support as students become more confident. What is the teacher mainly doing? (A) Increasing student motivation. (B) Encouraging independent learning. (C) Providing detailed feedback after task completion. (D) Applying scaffolding.

32. A teacher notices that some students in her class remain silent during group discussions. To increase student participation, the teacher assigns specific roles (e.g., leader, note-taker, reporter) to each student. What is the main purpose of this activity? (A) To provide students with clear responsibilities during interaction. (B) To reduce the amount of teacher intervention in group work. (C) To ensure that all students are actively involved in the discussion. (D) To help students complete tasks more quickly and efficiently.

33. Look at the example. What type of drill is this? The teacher: She is going to the post office. Now you ask a question by saying, “Is she going to the post office?” (A) a substitution drill (B) a transformation drill (C) a backward build-up drill (D) a chain drill

34. The Monitor Hypothesis suggests that conscious learning functions as __________. (A) The primary language production system (B) The foundation of fluency (C) An editor that checks output from the acquired system (D) A replacement for natural acquisition

35. According to the “fundamental beliefs” outlined in the competency-based curriculum guidelines, what is the primary shift in the role of English education in the modern era beyond interpersonal communication? (A) To master complex grammatical analysis and translation skills. (B) To develop the ability to acquire knowledge across various disciplines and sift through information. (C) To focus exclusively on the political and economic influences of English-speaking countries. (D) To replace the native language as the primary medium of instruction in all subjects.

36. In a vocabulary lesson, the teacher assigns three tasks:Group A: match words with picturesGroup B: complete sentencesGroup C: write a short paragraphWhat differentiation strategy is this?(A) Flexible grouping (B) Tiered instruction(C) Uniform instruction (D) Summative testing

37. Which of the following best defines “Interlanguage”, a concept proposed by Larry Selinker? (A) The process of transferring grammatical rules directly from the native to the target language. (B) The innate language faculty that allows children to acquire any human language. (C) The formal instruction of grammar rules within a communicative classroom setting. (D) A separate, rule-governed system developed by L2 learners that exists between the L1 and L2.

38. Ofelia García’s theory of “Translanguaging” differs from “Code-switching” primarily because it argues that: (A) Multilinguals have one integrated linguistic repertoire rather than two separate systems. (B) Strict separation of languages in the classroom is generally the most effective, ideal teaching method. (C) Learners should only switch languages when they don’t know a word or aren’t certain about a specific grammatical structure. (D) Code-switching is a sign of linguistic deficiency in L2 learners that should be avoided as possibly as it can be.

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