28. Which one below would lead to speciation?
(A) The individuals in this species mate randomly.
(B) The gene flow exists among the populations in a species.
(C)The females cannot recognize males from sister species.
(D) There is geographic barrier between two populations thus the exchanges of individuals were blocked.
(E) The population size is small.

24. In between of transcription and translation in a gene expression of an eukaryotic cell, there is a step called RNA processing. Which one below is INCORRECT? (A) It adds poly-A tail in this step. (B) It cuts out introns in this step. (C)The exons remain in the final product. (D) It adds a 5’-cap in this step. (E) The final product of this step is rRNA.

25. Which description below is correct about miRNA? (A) They are originally short RNA sequences. (B) An enzyme call Tricer trims the original form of miRNA. (C)The trimmed product is double-stranded RNA. (D) The trimmed products are stable thus could be used directly for next steps. (E) If a miRNA sequence is completely complementary with an mRNA, the translation steps would be blocked and the mRNA would not degrade.

26. About the Human Genome Project (HGP), which one below is NOT true? (A) The results of HGP showed that most of the human genome does not consist of genes. (B) There are about three billion base pairs of nucleotides in a human genome. (C)There are about 21,000 genes in a human genome. (D) HGP began in 1990. (E) The first HGP was done by whole-genome shotgun method.

27. A Hardy-Weinberg equilibrial population would NOT show which property below? (A) The population would not have genetic drift. (B) The population would not have mutation (C)The allele frequencies do not change through time. (D) Natural selection would work in the gene pool of this population. (E) The individuals mate randomly within this population.

29. Which one is the correct sequence of the origins of organisms on earth? (A) Prokaryotes, multicellular eukaryotes, vascular plants, small invertebrates, single-celled eukaryotes. (B) Single-celled eukaryotes, prokaryotes, multicellular eukaryotes, vascular plants, small invertebrates. (C)Prokaryotes, single-celled eukaryotes, multicellular eukaryotes, small invertebrates, vascular plants. (D) Prokaryotes, single-celled eukaryotes, vascular plants, multicellular eukaryotes, small invertebrates. (E) Single-celled eukaryotes, prokaryotes, multicellular eukaryotes, vascular plants, small invertebrates.

30. Which one below is the most likely organism that evolved into chloroplast through the process of endosymbiosis? (A) Cyanobacterium (B) Green alga (C)E. coli (D) Red alga (E) Euglena

31. Where does meiosis take place in an angiosperm? (A) Seeds (B) Fruits (C)Ovule (D) Style (E) Stigma

32. What is NOT a shared character among vertebrates (the Phylum Chordata)? Note that some characters may disappear in some developmental stages. (A) Notochord (B) Ventral heart (C)Pharyngeal slits (D) Post-anal tail (E) Ventral nerve cord 

33. Which one is the most successful group in Arthropods in terms of the number of species? (A) Insects (B) Chelicerates (C)Millipedes (D) Crustaceans (E) Centipedes

34. Which pair of epithelial tissue-human body part is NOT a correct match? (A) Simple squamous epithelium – air sacs of lung (B) Pseudostratified columnar epithelium – skin of the ear canal (C)Stratified squamous epithelium – lining of esophagus (D) Simple cuboidal epithelium – tube of the kidney (E) Simple columnar epithelium – lining of intestines