28.evidence do paleobotanists look for that indicates the movement of plants land?
(A) waxy cuticle to decrease evaporation from leaves
(B) loss of structures that produce spores
(C) sporopollenin to inhibit evaporation from leaves
(D) remnants of chloroplasts from photosynthesizing cells

24. The half-life of carbon-14 is about 5,730 years. A fossil that has 1/16 of the normal proportion of carbon-14 to carbon-12 should be about how many years old? (A)2,800 (B)11,200 (C)16,800 (D)22,900

25. What is the function of reverse transcriptase in retroviruses? (A) It uses viral RNA as a template for DNA synthesis. (B) It converts host cell RNA into viral DNA. (C) It translates viral RNA into proteins. (D) It uses viral RNA as a template for making more viral RNA strands.

26. Some bacteria possess antibiotic resistance, as well as the ability to survive through adverse conditions. Where in this type of bacteria is the DNA located? (A) nucleoid, fimbriae, and plasmids (B)endospore, fimbriae, and plasmids (C)fimbriae, nucleoid, and endospore (D) plasmids, nucleoid, and endospore

27.After studying a particular species of protist, you suspect that it has obtained a cl secondary endosymbiosis. Which of the following information would confirm your hypothesis? (A)have nuclear and cyanobacterial genes (B)are exceptionally small (C) have three or four membranes (D) have only a single pigment

29.nammals have skins and mucous membranes that are sensitive to secretions like poison oak. These secondary compounds are primarily adaptations that function in which of the following ways? (A)to favor pollination (B) to foster seed dispersal (C) to decrease competition (D) to inhibit herbivory

30.Fungi produce many compounds that humans use medicinally. Which of th statements best describes the evolution of these compounds in fungi? (A)Humans used artificial selection to develop fungi (B)That produced specific compounds. e presence of compounds in the fungi was accidentally produced and has r (C)The compounds probably provide a benefit to the fungi. (D) The compounds are produced as a result of sexual reproduction and recombination.

31. Which of the following is an advantage of using molecular data rather than morphological data for phylogenetic analysis? (A)Molecular data can be gathered in the lab, while morphological data must be gathere (B) Molecular data is based on genetic relationships rather than morphological similarities. (C) Morphological changes usually do not result from molecular changes. (D) Some phyla vary too widely in morphological characteristics to be classified accurately.

32. Our understanding of many of the evolutionary relationships among animals changed after those phylogenies were based on morphological and molecular data (as opposed to only using morphological data). What do these changes indicate? (A)molecular and morphological studies rarely agree (B) molecular studies add additional information to morphological studies and improve our understanding of evolutionary history (C) molecular studies are less reliable than morphological studies (D) molecular studies are extremely time consuming and expensive and really don't add additional information to our understanding of evolutionary history

33. Primate evolution and behavior, such as hunting skills, have been directed in part by the developm ent of depth perception. What anatomical change made depth perception possible? (A)a smaller brain (B)the development of compound eyes (C)location of the eyes at the front of the head (D)diurnal activity

34. The biological molecule specific to woody sclerenchyma cells is (A)cellulose (B) starch (C) lignin (D) chlorophyll